Loose Leaf for Chemistry
Loose Leaf for Chemistry
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781260162035
Author: Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Concept explainers

Electron Affinity
When an element undergoes a chemical reaction, it either gains energy or loses energy. This gain or loss of energy is due to the phenomena that occur at atomic level. During reaction, atoms either gain electrons from other atoms or lose electrons to othe…
P-Block Elements
Elements which are present on the right side of the periodic table are called p-block elements. In addition to the noble gases, they include the families of boron, mercury, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine. These elements have diverse real-life implementati…
Metals and Non-metals
The periodic table is composed of metals, semi-metals and nonmetal elements. The physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals differ from each other. The study of metals and nonmetals will help one to understand the appropriate application of…
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.60QP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron affinity trend from aluminum to chlorine to be interpreted.

Concept Introduction:

  • Covalent bonding: A covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons (equally or partially polarized) between the two non-metals.
  • Octet rule: By obtaining eight electrons around the valence shell of an element, then compound satisfied the octet rule and thus, achieved the electron configuration of noble gas.

To Identify: The electron affinity trend from aluminum to chlorine to be interpreted.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Loose Leaf for Chemistry

Ch. 8.2 - An atom of a certain element has 20 electrons. (a)...Ch. 8.2 - Identify the elements that fit the following...Ch. 8.2 - What is the ground-state electron configuration...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 3PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 1RCFCh. 8.3 - Arrange the following species in order of...Ch. 8.3 - Identify the spheres shown here with each of the...Ch. 8.4 - (a) Which of the following atoms should have a...Ch. 8.4 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...
Ch. 8.4 - Label the plots shown here for the first, second,...Ch. 8.5 - Is it likely that Ar will form the anion Ar?Ch. 8.5 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 8.5 - Why is it possible to measure the successive...Ch. 8.6 - Classify the following oxides as acidic, basic, or...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1RCFCh. 8 - Briefly describe the significance of Mendeleevs...Ch. 8 - What is Moseleys contribution to the modern...Ch. 8 - Describe the general layout of a modern periodic...Ch. 8 - What is the most important relationship among...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.6QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.7QPCh. 8 - What is a representative element? Give names and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.9QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.10QPCh. 8 - You are given a dark shiny solid and asked to...Ch. 8 - What are valence electrons? For representative...Ch. 8 - Write the outer electron configurations for the...Ch. 8 - Use the first-row transition metals (Sc to Cu) as...Ch. 8 - The electron configurations of ions derived from...Ch. 8 - What do we mean when we say that two ions or an...Ch. 8 - What is wrong with the statement The atoms of...Ch. 8 - Give three examples of first-row transition metal...Ch. 8 - In the periodic table, the element hydrogen is...Ch. 8 - A neutral atom of a certain element has 17...Ch. 8 - Group the following electron configurations in...Ch. 8 - Group the following electron configurations in...Ch. 8 - Without referring to a periodic table, write the...Ch. 8 - Specify the group of the periodic table in which...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.25QPCh. 8 - A metal ion with a net +3 charge has five...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.27QPCh. 8 - Write the ground-state electron configurations of...Ch. 8 - Write the ground-state electron configurations of...Ch. 8 - Name the ions with +3 charges that have the...Ch. 8 - Which of the following species are isoelectronic...Ch. 8 - Group the species that are isoelectronic: Be2+, F,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.33QPCh. 8 - How does atomic radius change (a) from left to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.35QPCh. 8 - Explain why, for isoelectronic ions, the anions...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.37QPCh. 8 - Arrange the following atoms in order of decreasing...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.39QPCh. 8 - Which is the smallest atom in Group 7A?Ch. 8 - Why is the radius of the lithium atom considerably...Ch. 8 - Use the second period of the periodic table as an...Ch. 8 - Indicate which one of the two species in each of...Ch. 8 - List the following ions in order of increasing...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.45QPCh. 8 - Explain which of the following anions is larger,...Ch. 8 - Give the physical states (gas, liquid, or solid)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.48QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.49QPCh. 8 - Sketch the outline of the periodic table and show...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following in order of increasing first...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.52QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.53QPCh. 8 - In general, ionization energy increases from left...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.55QPCh. 8 - Two atoms have the electron configurations...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.57QPCh. 8 - Plasma is a state of matter consisting of positive...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.59QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.60QPCh. 8 - Arrange the elements in each of the following...Ch. 8 - Specify which of the following elements you would...Ch. 8 - Considering their electron affinities, do you...Ch. 8 - Explain why alkali metals have a greater affinity...Ch. 8 - What is meant by the diagonal relationship? Name...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.66QPCh. 8 - Use the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals as...Ch. 8 - Based on your knowledge of the chemistry of the...Ch. 8 - As a group, the noble gases are very stable...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.70QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.71QPCh. 8 - Write balanced equations for the reactions between...Ch. 8 - Write formulas for and name the binary hydrogen...Ch. 8 - Which oxide is more basic, MgO or BaO? Why?Ch. 8 - State whether each of the following properties of...Ch. 8 - With reference to the periodic table, name (a) a...Ch. 8 - Write equations representing the following...Ch. 8 - List all the common ions of representative...Ch. 8 - Write the empirical (or molecular) formulas of...Ch. 8 - Element M is a shiny and highly reactive metal...Ch. 8 - Match each of the elements on the right with its...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following species in isoelectronic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.83QPCh. 8 - Which of the following properties show a clear...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.85QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.86QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.88QPCh. 8 - For each pair of elements listed, give three...Ch. 8 - Name the element that forms compounds, under...Ch. 8 - Explain why the first electron affinity of sulfur...Ch. 8 - The H ion and the He atom have two 1s electrons...Ch. 8 - Predict the products of the following oxides with...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.94QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.95QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.96QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.97QPCh. 8 - The formula for calculating the energies of an...Ch. 8 - Why do noble gases have negative electron affinity...Ch. 8 - The atomic radius of K is 227 pm and that of K+ is...Ch. 8 - The atomic radius of F is 72 pm and that of F is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.102QPCh. 8 - Referring to the Chemistry in Action essay...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.104QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.105QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.106QPCh. 8 - Identify the ions whose orbital diagrams for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.108QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.109QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.110QPCh. 8 - Explain, in terms of their electron...Ch. 8 - The standard enthalpy of atomization of an element...Ch. 8 - Write the formulas and names of the hydrides of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.114QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.115QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.116QPCh. 8 - Write a balanced equation for the preparation of...Ch. 8 - Write chemical formulas for oxides of nitrogen...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.119QPCh. 8 - In general, atomic radius and ionization energy...Ch. 8 - Explain why the electron affinity of nitrogen is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.122QPCh. 8 - Write a balanced equation that predicts the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.124QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.125QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.126QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.127QPCh. 8 - Predict the atomic number and ground-state...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.129QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.130QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.131QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.132QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.133QPCh. 8 - Both Mg2+ and Ca2+ are important biological ions....Ch. 8 - Match each of the elements on the right with its...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.136QPCh. 8 - On the same graph, plot the effective nuclear...Ch. 8 - One allotropic form of an element X is a colorless...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.139QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.140QPCh. 8 - Use your knowledge of thermochemistry to calculate...Ch. 8 - Referring to Table 8.2, explain why the first...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.143QPCh. 8 - One way to estimate the effective charge (Zeff) of...Ch. 8 - To prevent the formation of oxides, peroxides, and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.146QPCh. 8 - Recent theoretical calculations suggest that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.148QPCh. 8 - Compare the work function for cesium (206 kJ/mol)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.150QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.151QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.152QPCh. 8 - Using the following boiling-point data, estimate...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.154QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.155QP
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