Chapter 8, Problem 8.52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The influence of $d$-electron shielding on the atomic size among the period 4 transition elements is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The shielding effect is the reduction in the effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud due to the difference in the attractive forces with the nucleus Greater the screening effect, easier will be the removal of electrons. It occurs when the inner electrons shield the outer electrons from the full nuclear attractive force. This is also known as atomic or electron shielding.

The order of the shielding effect of the various orbitals is as follows:

$s>p>d>f$

Atomic size is defined as the distance between the nucleus and the outermost shell of the atom where the valence electrons are located. It increases when we move from top to bottom in a group due to increase in the number of shells of the successive members and it decreases when we move from left to right along a period due to increase in the effective nuclear charge in the successive members.