1.
Variance analysis is the process of ascertaining the deviations between actual and planned output.
Favorable Variance:
Favorable variance is the difference between the actual and planned output which is beneficial for the company like actual cost is less than the standard or planned cost or the actual revenue is more than the planned revenue.
Unfavorable variance:
Unfavorable variance is the difference between the actual and planned output which is harmful for the company like actual cost incurred is more than the standard or planned cost or the revenue is less than the planned revenue.
Direct Material Price Variance:
Direct material price variance in the difference between the budgeted per unit cost of raw material and the actual per unit cost multiplied by the number of units purchased.
Direct Material Efficiency Variance:
Direct material efficiency variance is the difference between the budgeted quantities and the actual quantities purchased at a specific price.
Material Price Variance:
Material price variance is the difference between the budgeted and the actual purchase price of the material purchased. It is calculated to ascertain the efficiency of the purchase department.
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance:
Direct labor efficiency variance is the difference between the actual time consumed in manufacturing unit and the standard time allowed or the budgeted time for the manufacture of a unit multiplied by the standard direct labor rate.
To calculate: The fixed
2.
To calculate: Production volume variance and indicate whether it is favorable (F) or unfavorable (U) if Company M uses direct labor-hours for calculate budgeted fixed overhead rate
3.
To explain: The reason to incur economic cost of unused capacity.
4.
To calculate: The sales-volume variance and reconciliation of it with the production-volume variance calculated in requirement 2.
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