MICROECONOMICS-ACCESS CARD <CUSTOM>
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781266285097
Author: Colander
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 8, Problem 4QE
To determine
The impact of imposing higher tax on oil.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
What are pollution havens? How are they
created or why do they exist? Why do
economists think they may change over time
and develop policies to reduce pollution?
It’s common to think that reducing pollution is necessarily costly because to reduce pollution we need to tax firms who will then produce less. But can you think of one example in which pollution might not only be unpleasant but might actually reduce production?
Economists Kenneth Chay and Michael Greenstone found that in the two years following the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1970, the sharp reduction in air pollution also led to a decline in infant deaths. Although this and other studies provide compelling evidence of the link between pollution and infant health, it is not clear that reductions from the much lower levels of ambient pollution today would have the same effect. Which of the following reasons could explain this?
A.
Today, the level of pollution is much higher. Therefore, it will take a much larger reduction in air pollution to reap benefits similar to those in 1970.
B.
When levels of pollution are high, the marginal benefit of reducing pollution also is high. It follows therefore that the benefit of reducing air pollution in 1970 would be much higher than the benefit from a proportional reduction in air pollution today when the level of pollution is much lower.
C.
When levels of pollution are…
Chapter 8 Solutions
MICROECONOMICS-ACCESS CARD <CUSTOM>
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1QCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2QCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3QCh. 8.1 - Prob. 4QCh. 8.1 - Prob. 5QCh. 8.1 - Prob. 6QCh. 8.1 - Prob. 7QCh. 8.1 - Prob. 8QCh. 8.1 - Prob. 9QCh. 8.1 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 8.W - Prob. 1QECh. 8.W - Prob. 2QECh. 8.W - Prob. 3QECh. 8.W - Prob. 4QECh. 8.W - Prob. 5QECh. 8.W - Prob. 6QECh. 8.W - Prob. 7QECh. 8.W - Prob. 8QECh. 8.W - Prob. 9QECh. 8.W - Prob. 10QECh. 8.W - Prob. 11QECh. 8.W - Prob. 12QECh. 8.W - Prob. 13QECh. 8.W - Prob. 14QECh. 8.W - Prob. 1QAPCh. 8.W - Prob. 2QAPCh. 8.W - Prob. 3QAPCh. 8.W - Prob. 4QAPCh. 8.W - Prob. 5QAPCh. 8.W - Prob. 1IPCh. 8.W - Prob. 2IPCh. 8.W - Prob. 3IPCh. 8.W - Prob. 4IPCh. 8.W - Prob. 5IPCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 1QCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 2QCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 3QCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 4QCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 5QCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 6QCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 7QCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 8QCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 9QCh. 8.W1 - Prob. 10QCh. 8 - Prob. 1QECh. 8 - Prob. 2QECh. 8 - How would an economist likely respond to the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4QECh. 8 - Prob. 5QECh. 8 - Prob. 6QECh. 8 - Prob. 7QECh. 8 - Prob. 8QECh. 8 - Prob. 9QECh. 8 - Prob. 10QECh. 8 - Prob. 11QECh. 8 - Prob. 12QECh. 8 - Prob. 13QECh. 8 - Prob. 14QECh. 8 - Prob. 15QECh. 8 - Prob. 16QECh. 8 - Prob. 17QECh. 8 - Prob. 18QECh. 8 - Prob. 19QECh. 8 - Prob. 20QECh. 8 - Prob. 21QECh. 8 - Prob. 22QECh. 8 - Prob. 23QECh. 8 - Prob. 24QECh. 8 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 1IPCh. 8 - Prob. 2IPCh. 8 - Prob. 3IPCh. 8 - Prob. 4IPCh. 8 - Prob. 5IPCh. 8 - Prob. 6IPCh. 8 - Prob. 7IPCh. 8 - Prob. 8IPCh. 8 - Prob. 9IPCh. 8 - Prob. 10IP
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Draw a standard supply and demand diagram for televisions, and indicate the equilibrium price and output. a. Assuming that the production of televisions generates external costs, illustrate the effect of the producers being forced to pay a tax equal to the external costs generated, and indicate the equilibrium output. b. If instead of generating external costs, television production generates external benefits, illustrate the effect of the producers being given a subsidy equal to the external benefits generated, and indicate the equilibrium output.arrow_forwardHow do economists determine the optimal amount of pollution control?arrow_forwardThe table below shows the demand for pollution permits to emit hydrocarbons in a particular industrial park. Each permit allows the owner to release one tonne of pollutants into the atmosphere. Price per Pollution Permit Quantity of Permits $4,500 100 4,000 200 3,500 300 3,000 400 2,500 500 2,000 600 1,500 700 were charged, how many tonnes of pollutants would be discharged into the atmosphere, assuming a straight-line a. If fee for a pollution perm demand curve? Quantity: tonnes b. Suppose government were to set a fee of $2,500 per pollution permit. How many tonnes of pollutants would now be dumped? What is the total revenue received by government? Quantity: tonnes Total revenue: $ c. Suppose that a new technology allows for a significant reduction in hydrocarbons at a relatively low cost so that the demand for pollution permits in the industrial park drops by 200 tonnes. Assuming that government holds the permit fee at $2,500, how many tonnes of pollutants would now be dumped? What…arrow_forward
- The primary source of air pollution in the small town of Smokey, Nevada is a nearby steel mill. The local environmental agency has decided that the mill needs to reduce its emissions because the town's population is located directly downwind from it. Currently the agency is considering three different approaches to reducing pollution from the mill: a technology standard, an emission standard and an emission tax. Why might the owner of the mill prefer an emission standard to a technology standard that would produce the same level of emissions? a Because with emission standards the polluter is more flexible in selecting the technology that will minimize her abatement cost Ob. Because polluters usually try to stick to their existing technology O C. Because it has been proven to be easier to implement O d. Because polluters, as all producers are suspicious about new technologiesarrow_forwardImagine the government of California has proposed a new tax on vehicles based on the amount of emissions they produce in a year. In 2019, there will be 20 tons of emissions produced. The governor’s office has run the calculations and found that the socially optimal level is 14 tons and the marginal damage from each unit of pollution is $150. Imagine there are two types of drivers in California: commuters and non-commuters. Imagine that the marginal cost of reducing pollution for commuters is MCA_C=150Q and the marginal cost of reducing pollution for non-commuters is MCA_N=30Q. Each type initially created ten tons of pollution each. Their total cost of reductions is equal to TCA_C=75Q^2 and TCA_N=15Q^2. How much would each type choose to reduce under the tax? Imagine the governor instead suggested forcing all drivers to reduce their emissions by 30% from their 2019 levels. How would the costs of reduction here compare to the taxation case (please provide actual numbers)? Do you…arrow_forwardPollution is a negative externality. Why is it that the social optimum in a market that generates pollution will, generally, not result in zero pollution?arrow_forward
- What is an externality in economics? Explain how a neighbor’s barking dog could be both a positive and a negative externality. Can pollution ever make us better off? How do we know? Should we aim to eliminate all pollution? If not, what should our goal be? Defend your answer. When thinking about types of goods, what does rivalry mean? What does excludability mean? What are the four categories of goods we can identify using those attributes, and what is an example of a good in each category?arrow_forwardCan you think of a reason why making cars safer would create negative externalities?arrow_forwardA developing country implements pollution laws for the first time. Initially, there are some relatively cheap ways to reduce pollution and results are easily evident. After twenty years, they've found that the more one reduces pollution, the higher the marginal benefit. the lower the marginal benefit. the lower the marginal cost.arrow_forward
- Efficiency in the presence of externalities Air horns impose many external costs on society: the risk of being deafened, the annoyance of being awakened in the middle of the night, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of air horns is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for air horns (their private value), the supply of air horns (the private cost of producing them), and the social cost of air horns, including both the private cost and external costs. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains why economists believe that there is an optimal amount of pollution reduction? The marginal cost of reducing pollution is decreasing, while the marginal benefit of reducing pollution is increasing. Economists only think about profits The marginal cost of reducing pollution is increasing, while the marginal benefit of reducing pollution is decreasing. Economists focus on the benefits of reducing pollution and ignore the cost.arrow_forwardb. If firms' abatement costs fall, how, if at all, does this affect the amount of pollution that firms will emit if there is a limit on pollution?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337617383Author:Roger A. ArnoldPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337091992Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage Learning
Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:9781337617383
Author:Roger A. Arnold
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:9781337091992
Author:N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher:Cengage Learning