Essentials of Economics
Essentials of Economics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781464186653
Author: Paul Krugman, Robin Wells
Publisher: Worth Publishers
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Chapter 8, Problem 3P
To determine

Concept Introduction

Monopoly: This refers to the condition in a market where there is a single person or company who sells a particular good or service and there is no competitor. In a monopoly, the supplier is free to fix any price since the consumers have no alternative available.

Total Revenue: This refers to the total amount received from the customers from the sale of goods or services. The formula to calculate the total revenue is:

    Essentials of Economics, Chapter 8, Problem 3P , additional homework tip  1

Marginal Revenue: This refers to the additional revenue that a producer or supplier receives when she/he produces or supplies an extra unit.

    Essentials of Economics, Chapter 8, Problem 3P , additional homework tip  2

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3. Consider the following regression equation, where Cigs is daily spending on cigarettes in poundssterling (£), Y earsEduc is years of education, and F emale equals one if an individual is femaleand zero otherwise (standard errors in parentheses):Cigs [ = 4(1.6)− 0.08(0.032)Y earsEduc − 0.5(0.2)F emale,(a) Interpret the coefficients on Y earsEduc and F emale. (b) What does the model predict the average daily spending on cigarettes would be for womenwith 12 years of education? (c) Form the 95% confidence interval for the coefficient on F emale. (d) Economists are often interested in estimating production functions of the Cobb-Douglas form(Yiis the ith firm’s output, Liits spending on labour, and Kiits spending on capital):Yi = ALαi Kβi,How might someone estimate α and β from this equation using linear regression?
2. The demand and supply functions for two interdependent goods X and Y are givenbyQDX = 7 − 4PX + 2PYQSX = −6 + 4PX − PYQDY = 1 + PX − PYQSY = −4 − PX + 2PY(a) Find the market equilibrium condition for each good. (b) Express the equilibrium conditions in the matrix form Ax = b.(c) Find the inverse of matrix A. (d) Given your result in part (c), calculate the equilibrium prices. (e) What is the equilibrium quantity for goods X and Y ?
2. A two-sector macro-economic model satisfies the following structural equations:Y = C + I∗C = aY + bwhere 0 < a < 1 and b > 0 are parameters and I∗ denotes investment.(a) What are the exogenous and endogenous variables in this model? (b) Re-arrange this system of equations to express the endogenous variables in terms of the exogenous variables and parameters. (c) Express this system of equations in the matrix form Ax = b. (d) Show that the inverse of matrix A exists.
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