Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393614008
Author: Clark Spencer Larsen
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 8, Problem 2ER
Summary Introduction
To identify: The main difference between relative dating and absolute dating methods with one example of each.
Introduction: Dating is a technique used in archeology for ascertaining the fossil's age, artifacts, and some precious items. It can be classified into two broad categories, including absolute and relative dating.
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Students have asked these similar questions
1) Does the fossil record indicate that life first appeared in the water or on the land?
WATER or LAND
2) Does the fossil record indicate that invertebrates (trilobites) and vertebrates (fish) evolved during the same geological period? YES or NO
3) Does the fossil record indicate that birds evolved from mammals or reptiles?
MAMMALS or REPTILES
4) The fossil record indicates that hominids evolved from an ancestral hominoid approximately?
4-5 million years ago or 1-2 million years ago
What kinds of organisms appear earliest in the fossil record?
PROKARYOTES or EUKARYOTES
Give typed explanation of both otherwise leave it
https://youtu.be/SkeNMoDlHUU?si=AwIDdGlbpS69KBVe
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Here are the following questions:
1. Discuss the major events in the history of life on earth, starting from the origin of life up to the present day, highlighting key evolutionary developments and transitions.
2. What is the role of mass extinctions in shaping the history of life on Earth? How do these events influenced biodiversity and evolutionary trajectories?
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Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
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- Imagine you are the head of a newly formed NASA Interplanetary Paleontology Department! Based on preliminary observations of a nearby planet (listed below), do you expect fossils to be in high or low abundance? Provide three evidence-based arguments to justify your choice, identifying the type of fossil record bias associated with each. Preliminary Observations: Volcanic eruptions and the formation of rift valleys and active subduction zones are regular occurrences on this planet. Algae and many soft-bodied animals are found in the oceans. A few leafy plants and a diversity of insect- and scorpion-like animals dominate the land at low densities. You can make the following assumptions: 1. The planet is of similar age and environmental conditions to Earth 2. Decomposition and other mechanisms relevant for fossilization occur on this planet as they do on Earth 3. Environmental conditions, species diversity, and population abundances in the past remained very similar to what is present now…arrow_forwardEvolution in Humans 1) explain how fossil evidence is used to reconstruct the hominid history 2) explain how genetic evidence is used to document changes in species and populations over time 3) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil agearrow_forwardThe great apes made their first appearance in the fossil record between 23 and 2.6 MYA, which: represents the starting and ending dates for the Paleogene Period represents the starting and ending dates for the Cretaceous Period represents the starting and ending dates for the Jurassic Period represents the starting and ending dates for the Neogene Period represents the starting and ending dates for the Triassic Periodarrow_forward
- What's More Activity 3. Deepening The Concepts Directions: Answer the following questions. 1. How does (a) relative dating and (b) absolute/radioactive datine determine the age of fossils? 2. How does embryology provide evidence for evolution? 3. How do homologous and vestigial structures provide evidence for evolution? 4. What could be possible for some species belonging to the same family to be presently living in various locations on Earth? You can furthel support your answer with an example.arrow_forwardWhat do similarities in the early development stages of the embryos indicate about the evolutionary history of these organisms? 9999 II II II II II II II II III III III III III III III Pig Calf Rabbit Man Fish Sala- Tortoise Chick mander Embryological Evidences The organisms evolved from the same embryo. The organisms are all in the phylum called mollusks. The organisms all located in the the fossil record 1 million years ago. The organisms all evolved from a common ancestor.arrow_forwardShows how modern organisms descended from common ancestors Structures that do not serve a function and are similar to those found in earlier organisms 1. Transitional Species Compares the age of fossils to each other based on the layers of rock they are found in 2. Vestigial structure 3. Fossil Record 4. Relative Dating Evidence of gradual change between a new species and its ancestor 5. Radiometric Dating Structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor 6. Homologous Structures uses radioactive elements to narrow down the age of a fossil to a specific periodarrow_forward
- According to Scottish geologist Charles Lyell, the Cenozoic Era (including the Eocene, Miocene, and Pliocene epochs) extended over which of the following time periods in the fossil record? the Paleozoic Era, from the start of the Cambrian into the Permian Period the “age of reptiles”, from 252 million years ago to 66 million years ago the “age of birds and mammals”, from 66 million years ago to the present day the “age of fishes”, from 541 million years ago to 252 million years ago the Mesozoic Era, from the start of the Triassic into the Cretaceous Periodarrow_forwardUsing tables 2.1 and 2.2 as references, fill out the following table. The first item is given as an example. Table 2.6: Some Important Events in Geologic Time Event Eon Era Period Epoch Age of Reptiles begins Phanerozoic Mesozoic Triassic ____ Beginning of the Age of Mammals Early humans first appear Eukaryotes first appear First living things appear Fish with bony skeletons first appear Formation of Pangaea Formation of present-day continents Land plants first appear Modern humans first appeararrow_forwardSpecies Embryo (A-F) Describe the Anatomical Changes from Early to Late Stages Human Chicken Rabbit Tortoise Salamander В Fish A Guide Questions: 1. Look again at the six embryos in their earliest stages. Describe the patterns you see. What physical similarities exist between each of the embryos? 2. Does this suggest an evolutionary relationship? Explain how these embryos can be used as evidence of a common ancestor between each of these six organisms.arrow_forward
- Based on the table 5 and 6 complete the table 10arrow_forwardThe Cambrian explosion is a conundrum: how can the long prior history of the phyla, revealed by molecular divergence, be reconciled with their absence, and then sudden appearance, in the fossil record?arrow_forwardGenomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome contains sequences that originated from an unknown human species. Using Figure 19.11, speculate on which species this might be. Is it possible that there are other ancestral species that may remain to be discovered that would change the phylogeny presented in the figure? FIGURE 19.11 Estimates for the dates of origin and extinction for the three main groups of hominins (green, blue, and orange). The australopithecines split into two groups about 2.7 million years ago. One of those groups, the genus Homo, contains the ancestors to our species, H. sapiens.arrow_forward
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