Human Biology Custom Edition
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337631532
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction
To determine: The type of homeostatic control mechanism that controls the release of erythropoietin to make red blood cells.
Introduction: Hematologic system comprises blood, blood vessels, and blood-forming organs. Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of components, namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets.
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When human tissue, such as skin or a blood vessel, is torn or cut, the cells in the damaged
region secrete a signal that activates specialized blood cells called platelets in the vicinity.
As the platelets come in contact with one another, they begin to form a clot and release ad-
ditional chemical signals to attract more platelets as well as other clotting factors until the
bleeding is stopped.
Which of the following correctly describes the feedback mechanism illustrated by the acti-
vation of the platelets?
A
It is an example of positive feedback because the initial activation of the platelets causes
the activation of additional platelets.
B
с
D
It is an example of negative feedback because the initial activation of the platelets is
caused by a harmful stimulus.
It is an example of positive feedback because the ultimate result of initial platelet activa-
tion causes the bleeding to stop.
It is an example of negative feedback because the initial activation of the platelets
causes the…
Endurance athletes sometimes try an illegal method of blood doping called autologous transfusion. Some blood from the athlete is removed well before competition, and then transfused back into the athlete just before competition. (a) Why might blood transfusion benefit the athlete? (b) With time, stored red blood cells become depleted in 2,3-BPG. What might be the consequences of using such blood for a blood transfusion?
Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. Decreased blood oxygen levels triggers erythropoietin release
B. Leptin decreases sensation of hunger
C. Angiotensin II can cause vasoconstriction
D. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein
E. Glucose is transported in blood dissolved in plasma
F. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine are secreted by islet of Langerhans
Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Biology Custom Edition
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - What are the cellular components of blood? Where...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - What is an agglutination response? How can it be...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 1SQCh. 8 - Prob. 2SQCh. 8 - Prob. 3SQCh. 8 - In the lungs, the main factor in boosting the...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements about red blood...
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- In the negative feedback loop of blood pressure regulation, which of the following would be the effector? A) baroreceptors b) heart muscle c) the Brainarrow_forwardHow does the control of blood flow to the skin for the purpose ofregulating body temperature differ from the control of nutrient blood flow to skin cells?arrow_forwardAn example of feedback is seen in blood clotting. Part of the complex biochemical pathway of clotting is the production of an enzyme that forms the matrix of the blood clot, but also speeds up the production of still more thrombin. That is, it has a self-catalytic, self-accelerating effect, so that once the clotting process begins, it runs faster and faster until, ideally, bleeding stops. Thus, this positive feedback loop is part of a larger negative feedback loop, one that is activated by bleeding and ultimately works to stop the bleeding. So ultimately in keeping homeostasis, which of the following is true: This is a positive feedback loop This is a negative feedback looparrow_forward
- The muscle cells of a heart chamber work as a functional syncytium. In terms of heart function this means... A) All the cardiac muscle cells are controlled by one motor neuron, resulting in coordinated contraction. B) All the cardiac muscle cells are electrically connected by gap junctions, resulting in coordinated contraction. C) All the cardiac muscle cells are stimulated to contract by hormone release, resulting in near-coordinated contraction. D) All the cardiac muscle cells contract independently of each other (fibrillation).arrow_forwardFigure 33.21 State whether each of the following processes are regulated by a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop. A person feels satiated after eating a large meal. The blood has plenty of red blood cells. As a result, erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of new red blood cells, is no longer released from the kidney.arrow_forwardReferring to the figure shown, the movement of glucose is from the lumen of the duodenum through an interstitial cell, out to the extracellular fluid, and into a capillary. What would happen if the action of the Na+–K+ pumps was reduced? A)The rate of flow of glucose into the interstitial cells would be increased. B)The direction of flow of glucose would be reversed. C)The rate of flow of glucose into the interstitial cells would be reduced. D)Nothing would differ: the movement of glucose would be the same as before the reversal.arrow_forward
- Define death in physiological terms. We know that when the human heart stops beating, it can be started again artificially. And the subject lives. If the heart does not restart, the O2 supply is cut off, the brain cells die, but what does lack of O2 cause? Include mechanisms.arrow_forwardA general principle of physiology states that information flow between cells, tissues, and organs is an essential feature of homeostasis and allows for integration of physiological processes. How is this principle demonstrated by the relationship between the circulatory and endocrine systems?arrow_forwardA 29-year-old female develops sepsis and, as a consequence, she experiences profound vasodilation. a) What effect does vasodilation have on the afterload? Explain why. b) What effect does vasodilation have on blood pressure? Explain why. How will her body try to bring her blood pressure back to homeostasis Be detailed in your explanation and support your answer with facts from your textbook, research, and articles from scholarly journals. In addition, remember to add references in APA format to your posts to avoid plagiarism.arrow_forward
- Severely malnourished individuals, depleted of proteins and other solutes in their plasma, experience extreme edema which can result in the appearance of distended abdomens. The following is a graph of the typical blood and osmotic pressures in the capillaries of a healthy, well-nourished individual. A. Which graph (A-D) most closely resembles how the pressures might change in a malnourished person to result in the initial appearance of edema. B. Briefly explain how this pressure change results in edema.arrow_forwardAssume a person has been in a bad car accident and has severe bleeding from a partially severed arm. Describe the body’s response to this by answering the following What mechanisms will occur to reduce the blood loss l(hemorrhaging)? What events happen as part of the clotting process? How does the body slow down blood loss? What would happen if blood volume falls too low? What happens if homeostasis and blooarrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/dynamicfluid) to see an explanation of the dynamics offluid in the body’s compartments. What happens in tissueswhen capillary blood pressure is less than osmoticpressure?arrow_forward
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