Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction

To determine: The type of homeostatic control mechanism that controls the release of erythropoietin to make red blood cells.

Introduction: Hematologic system comprises blood, blood vessels, and blood-forming organs. Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of components, namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets.

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The production of red blood cells is regulated by a feedback loop involving erythropoietin. In non-disease states, the production of red blood cells is equal to the destruction of red blood cells, thus maintaining sufficient red blood cells to deliver adequate oxygen to the body's tissues. However, when the number of red blood cells decrease and oxygen levels are low, erythropoietin is produced by the liver and kidneys to increase the production of red blood cells.  (i) Is this a positive or negative feedback loop and why?     (ii) For the above feedback loop, what would be the: 1. signal detected by the sensor:       2. effector:         3. response:         4. final result:
When human tissue, such as skin or a blood vessel, is torn or cut, the cells in the damaged region secrete a signal that activates specialized blood cells called platelets in the vicinity. As the platelets come in contact with one another, they begin to form a clot and release ad- ditional chemical signals to attract more platelets as well as other clotting factors until the bleeding is stopped. Which of the following correctly describes the feedback mechanism illustrated by the acti- vation of the platelets? A It is an example of positive feedback because the initial activation of the platelets causes the activation of additional platelets. B с D It is an example of negative feedback because the initial activation of the platelets is caused by a harmful stimulus. It is an example of positive feedback because the ultimate result of initial platelet activa- tion causes the bleeding to stop. It is an example of negative feedback because the initial activation of the platelets causes the…
You are designing the arterial blood vessels that go to the kidney. The first part of kidney function involves a filtration mechanism that filters blood. To maximize this filtration mechanism, you want to maximize blood flow to the kidney. Using Poiseuille’s Law (on page 1), explain how you would construct the arterial circuit so that blood flow is maximized. Assume that blood viscosity (h) will not be changed.
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