Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction
To determine: The type of homeostatic control mechanism that controls the release of erythropoietin to make red blood cells.
Introduction: Hematologic system comprises blood, blood vessels, and blood-forming organs. Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of components, namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets.
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The production of red blood cells is regulated by a feedback loop involving erythropoietin. In non-disease states, the production of red blood cells is equal to the destruction of red blood cells, thus maintaining sufficient red blood cells to deliver adequate oxygen to the body's tissues. However, when the number of red blood cells decrease and oxygen levels are low, erythropoietin is produced by the liver and kidneys to increase the production of red blood cells.
(i) Is this a positive or negative feedback loop and why?
(ii) For the above feedback loop, what would be the:
1. signal detected by the sensor: 2. effector: 3. response: 4. final result:
When human tissue, such as skin or a blood vessel, is torn or cut, the cells in the damaged
region secrete a signal that activates specialized blood cells called platelets in the vicinity.
As the platelets come in contact with one another, they begin to form a clot and release ad-
ditional chemical signals to attract more platelets as well as other clotting factors until the
bleeding is stopped.
Which of the following correctly describes the feedback mechanism illustrated by the acti-
vation of the platelets?
A
It is an example of positive feedback because the initial activation of the platelets causes
the activation of additional platelets.
B
с
D
It is an example of negative feedback because the initial activation of the platelets is
caused by a harmful stimulus.
It is an example of positive feedback because the ultimate result of initial platelet activa-
tion causes the bleeding to stop.
It is an example of negative feedback because the initial activation of the platelets
causes the…
You are designing the arterial blood vessels that go to the kidney. The first part of
kidney function involves a filtration mechanism that filters blood. To maximize this
filtration mechanism, you want to maximize blood flow to the kidney. Using Poiseuille’s
Law (on page 1), explain how you would construct the arterial circuit so that blood flow
is maximized. Assume that blood viscosity (h) will not be changed.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - What are the cellular components of blood? Where...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - What is an agglutination response? How can it be...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 1SQCh. 8 - Prob. 2SQCh. 8 - Prob. 3SQCh. 8 - In the lungs, the main factor in boosting the...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements about red blood...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Endurance athletes sometimes try an illegal method of blood doping called autologous transfusion. Some blood from the athlete is removed well before competition, and then transfused back into the athlete just before competition. (a) Why might blood transfusion benefit the athlete? (b) With time, stored red blood cells become depleted in 2,3-BPG. What might be the consequences of using such blood for a blood transfusion?arrow_forwardIn what respect does blood clotting represent a negativefeedback loop? What part of it is a positive feedback loop?arrow_forwardSodium-Potassium Pumps (N+/K+ ATPase) are fundamental to your body’s physiological function. What is the connection/importance of this phenomenon in the circulatory system with examples?arrow_forward
- Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. Decreased blood oxygen levels triggers erythropoietin release B. Leptin decreases sensation of hunger C. Angiotensin II can cause vasoconstriction D. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein E. Glucose is transported in blood dissolved in plasma F. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine are secreted by islet of Langerhansarrow_forwardExtracellular Fluid Inactive Monomers Cytoplasm Dimerization Phosphorylation SATADP මලල 000 Inactive relay protein Activation Which of the following statements is true about the above diagram? Active relay protein the signal molecules bind to the inactive relay protein the active relay molecule will go directly to a cell and phosphorylate receptor protein molecules O the receptor protein molecules will be activated when they are phosphorylated the inactive monomers become activated by binding of the relay proteinarrow_forwardThe muscle cells of a heart chamber work as a functional syncytium. In terms of heart function this means... A) All the cardiac muscle cells are controlled by one motor neuron, resulting in coordinated contraction. B) All the cardiac muscle cells are electrically connected by gap junctions, resulting in coordinated contraction. C) All the cardiac muscle cells are stimulated to contract by hormone release, resulting in near-coordinated contraction. D) All the cardiac muscle cells contract independently of each other (fibrillation).arrow_forward
- The diagram in Figure 5 shows the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback. (i)Explain why negative feedback is important in homeostasis. (ii)Explain how negative feedback enables the carotid and aortic bodies and the medulla to maintain a constant blood carbon dioxide level. (iii)It is said that the initiation of an Action Potential is an example of positive feedback. With reference to the process involved, state why you think this statement is accurate?arrow_forwardFigure 33.21 State whether each of the following processes are regulated by a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop. A person feels satiated after eating a large meal. The blood has plenty of red blood cells. As a result, erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of new red blood cells, is no longer released from the kidney.arrow_forwardDefine death in physiological terms. We know that when the human heart stops beating, it can be started again artificially. And the subject lives. If the heart does not restart, the O2 supply is cut off, the brain cells die, but what does lack of O2 cause? Include mechanisms.arrow_forward
- A general principle of physiology states that information flow between cells, tissues, and organs is an essential feature of homeostasis and allows for integration of physiological processes. How is this principle demonstrated by the relationship between the circulatory and endocrine systems?arrow_forwardA 29-year-old female develops sepsis and, as a consequence, she experiences profound vasodilation. a) What effect does vasodilation have on the afterload? Explain why. b) What effect does vasodilation have on blood pressure? Explain why. How will her body try to bring her blood pressure back to homeostasis Be detailed in your explanation and support your answer with facts from your textbook, research, and articles from scholarly journals. In addition, remember to add references in APA format to your posts to avoid plagiarism.arrow_forwardSome patients with hypertension (high blood pressure) are given beta-blocking drugs to lower their blood pressure. How does this effect occur? Explain why these drugs are not administered to patientswith a history of asthma. Why might drinking coffee help asthma?arrow_forward
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