Essentials of MIS (12th Edition)
Essentials of MIS (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134238241
Author: Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon
Publisher: PEARSON
Question
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Chapter 8, Problem 1RQ
Program Plan Intro

System vulnerability:

  • When huge data amounts are been kept in electronic form, it becomes susceptible to many threats.
  • The information systems in many locations are been interconnected through communication networks.
  • The unauthorized access can occur at many access points in network and is not limited to single location.
  • The data flowing over networks could be accessed; valuable information could be stolen while transmission or data could be altered without authorization.
  • The denial-of-service attacks are launched by intruders to disrupt website operations.
  • Internets are vulnerable than internal networks as it is open to everyone.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Threats against contemporary information systems:

  • The common threats against contemporary information systems are shown below:
    • o Technical threats:
      • It includes unauthorized access and introducing errors.
    • o Communications:
      • It includes tapping of conversations.
      • Message alteration, radiation, fraud and theft.
      • Denial of service attacks
    • o Corporate Systems:
      • Theft of data
      • Data copying
      • Data Alteration
      • Hardware failure
      • Software failure
      • Power failure
      • Natural disasters.
    • o Poor management decisions:
      • Poor design of safeguard
      • It causes valuable data being lost or destroyed.

Explanation of Solution

Malware:

  • A malware denotes a program that is harmful to a computer user.
  • It includes viruses, worms, Trojan horses and spyware programs that gather information without user permission.
  • Virus:
    • o A program that would replicate itself by being copied.
    • o It may initiate copying to another program, document or computer boot sector.
  • Worm:
    • o It denotes a virus that is self-replicating and does not alter files but resides in active memory.
    • o It duplicates itself without human intervention.
  • Trojan horse:
    • o A program in which malicious code is contained inside data or programming that is harmless.
    • o It is not a virus as it does not replicate, but it denotes a way for other malicious code to be introduced into system.

Explanation of Solution

Security problems created by hacker:

  • A hacker denotes an individual who gains unauthorized access to computer system.
  • It does so by finding security protection weakness in websites and computer systems.
  • A hacker threatens computer system security, steals information, damages systems and commits cyber vandalism.
  • They disrupt, deface or destroy a website or information system intentionally.

Explanation of Solution

Computer crime with examples:

  • A computer crime denotes any violations of criminal law that involves knowledge of computer technology for perpetration, investigation or prosecution.
  • It is defined as commission of illegal acts through use of a computer or against computer system.
  • The examples with computers as crime targets are shown below:
    • o Confidentiality breach for protected computerized data.
    • o Unauthorized access to computer systems.
    • o Accessing protected computers for committing fraud.
    • o Accessing protected computers for causing damage intentionally.
    • o Transmission of a program that causes damage to protected computer.
  • The examples with computers as instruments of crime are shown below:
    • o Trade secrets theft.
    • o Defraud schemes.
    • o Using threatening mails.
    • o Attempt to intercept electronic communication intentionally.
    • o Illegal access of stored communications including voice mail and email.
    • o Transmission of child pornography using computer.

Explanation of Solution

Identity theft and phishing:

  • Identity theft denotes a crime in which personal information pieces are obtained.
  • It includes social security number, license number or credit card number to act as behalf of someone else.
  • The information might be used for obtaining credit, merchandise or services in name of victim.
  • It is a big problem today as internet has made easy for identity thieves to use stolen information.
  • The goods could be purchased online without any personal interaction.
  • The e-commerce sites become sources for personal information that criminals uses to establish a new identity.
  • Phishing denotes setting up fake websites or sending fake mails that look like those from legitimate business.
  • It asks users for confidential personal data.
  • The user may ask recipients to confirm records by providing social security numbers, credit card information and other personal details.

Explanation of Solution

Security and system reliability problems:

  • The employees create financial threats to business. It includes destruction of e-commerce sites, diversion of credit data and personal information.
  • Employees has access to privileged information and in presence of weak security procedures, they can check all personal details.
  • The system compromise happens when an employee lets coworker use the system.
  • Malicious intruders may trick employees into password revealing pretending to be legitimate company members.
  • The faulty data could be entered by employees and can introduce errors.
  • Information specialists can create software errors while designing and development of new software.

Explanation of Solution

Software defects affect system reliability and security:

  • The software could fail to perform well or gives erroneous result because of undetected bugs.
  • A control system may fail to carry messages or allow internet access.
  • The customers may be wrongly charged due to such failures.
  • The business may order more inventory than it requires.
  • The bugs or defects caused by incorrect designs denote major quality problems.
  • The maintenance of old programs that is caused by changes in organization, system design flaws and software complexity denotes a problem.
  • The small bugs in middle of complex programs may create serious issues in testing.

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