Evolution
Evolution
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 8, Problem 1PDT

a.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The frequency of A1 in generation 1 and 2, if the frequency in generation 0 is 0.4 and the frequency of 10 percent migrant population is 0.6.

Introduction: The movement of genetic variation from one population to another population is known as gene flow. Gene flow plays two important roles in evolution that equalizes allele frequencies to remove genetic differences between populations. It makes two populations more similar. The second effect of gene flow is to establish new alleles into a population from a different population. Dispersal is the movement of individual or gametes and results in gene flow.

a.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The given values are as follows:

  • Suppose in generation 0, the number of armadillos is 100.
  • The frequency of allele A1 in a population of armadillos is 0.4.
  • The frequency of allele A1 of the migrant is 0.6.
  • Migration rate is the fraction of migrant individual to the total number of native population.

Therefore,

[m=10100=0.1]

The difference in allele’s frequency is given by the equation,

[Δp=m(pm-p)]

By substituting the given values in above formula:

[Δp=m(pm-p)Δp=0.1(0.6-0.4)Δp=0.02]

Thus, in generation 1, the frequency of allele A1 will be:

0.4 + 0.02 = 0.42

The frequency of allele A1 in generation 1 is 0.42.

In generation 2:

The given values are as follows:

  • The number of armadillos is 110.
  • The frequency of allele A1 in a population of armadillos is 0.42.
  • The frequency of allele A1 of the migrant is 0.6.

Therefore, the migration rate is:

[m=10110=0.09]

The difference in allele frequency is given by the equation:

[Δp=m(pm-p)]

Therefore, by putting the given values:

[Δp=m(pm-p)Δp=0.09(0.6-0.42)Δp=0.016]

Thus, in generation 2, the frequency of allele will be:

0.42 + 0.016 =0.436

The frequency of allele A1 in generation 2 is 0.436.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the change in allele frequency in generation 1 is greater than, less than, or equal to the change in generation 2.

Introduction: The movement of genetic variation from one population to another population is known as gene flow. Gene flow plays two important roles in evolution that are; it equalizes allele frequencies to remove genetic differences between populations. It makes two populations more similar. The second effect of gene flow is to establish new alleles into a population from a different population. Dispersal is the movement of individual or gametes and results in gene flow.

b.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

In generation 1,

The given values are as follows:

  • Suppose in generation 0, the number of armadillos is 100.
  • The frequency of allele A1 in a population of armadillos is 0.4.
  • The frequency of allele A1 of the migrant is 0.6.
  • The difference in allele frequency (pm-p) is 0.2.
  • Migration rate is the fraction of migrant individual to the total number of native population.

Therefore,

[m=10100=0.1]

The change in allele’s frequency is given by the equation,

[Δp=m(pm-p)]

By substituting the given values in above formula:

[Δp=m(pm-p)Δp=0.1(0.6-0.4)Δp=0.02]

Thus, in generation 1, the change in allele frequency is 0.02.

In generation 2:

The given values are as follows:

  • The number of armadillos is 110.
  • The frequency of allele A1 in a population of armadillos is 0.42.
  • The frequency of allele A1 of the migrant is 0.6.
  • The difference in allele frequency (pm-p) is 0.18.

Therefore the migration rate is:

[m=10110=0.09]

The change in allele frequency is given by the equation:

[Δp=m(pm-p)]

Therefore, by putting the given values:

[Δp=m(pm-p)Δp=0.09(0.6-0.42)Δp=0.016]

Thus, in generation 2, the change in allele frequency is 0.016.

Therefore the change in allele frequency in generation 1 is greater than generation 2.

The change in allele frequency of a population is directly proportional to the migration rate (m) and the difference in allele frequencies between the migrant and the local population. Since the migration rate is the same in both generation, but the difference in allele frequencies between the migrant population and local population in generation 1 is greater than generation 2. According to given values, the difference in allele frequencies between the migrant and the local population in generation 1 is 0.2 whereas in generation 2 it is 0.18.

This results in the greater value of the change in allele frequency in generation 1 than generation 2.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The allele frequency in the population after many generations.

Introduction: The movement of genetic variation from one population to another population is known as gene flow. Gene flow plays two important roles in evolution that are; it equalizes allele frequencies to remove genetic differences between populations. It makes two populations more similar. The second effect of gene flow is to establish new alleles into a population from a different population. Dispersal is the movement of individual or gametes and results in gene flow.

c.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

After many generations, the evolutionary effect of gene flow becomes constant after some point. According to the study, some individuals do not reproduce after the dispersal and do not contribute to genetic mixing. Gene flow plays two crucial roles in evolution that are it equalizes allele frequencies to remove genetic differences between populations and makes two populations more similar.

Therefore, allele frequency becomes constant and similar after many generations.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Skip to main content   close Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now! arrow_forward search SEARCH   ASK Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BUY Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition) 11th Edition ISBN: 9780134580999 Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn Publisher: PEARSON   1 The Human Body: An Orientation expand_moreChapter 1 : The Human Body: An Orientation   Chapter Questions expand_moreSection: Chapter Questions   Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,... format_list_bulletedProblem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,... See similar textbooks Bartleby Related Questions Icon Related questions Bartleby Expand Icon bartleby Concept explainers bartleby Question Draw a replication bubble with two replication forks.blue lines are DNA single strands and red lines are RNA single strands.indicate all 3' and 5’ ends on all DNA single…
Provide an  answer
Question 4 1 pts Which of the following would be most helpful for demonstrating alternative splicing for a new organism? ○ its proteome and its transcriptome only its transcriptome only its genome its proteome and its genome
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Biology
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Text book image
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
Biology
ISBN:9781305967359
Author:STARR
Publisher:CENGAGE L
Genetic Variation and Mutation | 9-1 GCSE Science Biology | OCR, AQA, Edexcel; Author: SnapRevise;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLP8udGGfHU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY