(a)
The nature of the production function.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
The production function exhibits constant returns to the scale when the output increases in a constant proportion to the increase in the factor inputs. In other words, a production function exhibits constant returns to the scale if a two times increase in the input factors of production increases the output by two times. A constant production function takes the following form, where z is any positive number.
The given production function can be written as follows:
Thus, it is evident that the given production function shows constant returns to the scale.
Constant returns to scale: Constant returns to scale implies that as the scale of production of the firm increases, the cost of production per unit remains unchanged.
(b)
The production function per worker.
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The per worker production function can be calculated using Equation (1) as follows:
The output per worker can be calculated by substituting the respective values in Equation (1) as follows:
The given production function exhibits constant returns to scale.
The ratio output per labor is
Thus, the production function per worker is
Output per worker: Output per worker is the ratio of the total output produced to the total workers employed.
(c)
The steady state level of capital per worker, income per worker and the consumption per worker.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
Given that the country faces a
In the steady state, the condition for the capital per worker is given as follows:
The steady state level of capital per worker in Country A is calculated by substituting the respective values in the Equation (2) as follows:
The steady state level of capital per worker in Country A is 0.35.
The steady state level of capital per worker in Country B is calculated by substituting the respective values in the Equation (2) as follows:
The steady state level of capital per worker in Country B is 1.84.
The steady state level of income can be calculated as follows:
The steady state level of income in Country A is calculated by substituting the respective values in the Equation (3) as follows:
The steady state level of income in Country A is 0.59.
The steady state level of income in Country B is calculated by substituting the respective values in the above equation.
The steady state level of income in country B is 1.36.
The consumption is the difference between income and savings. The consumption per worker can be calculated using the Equation (4) as follows:
The steady state level of consumption per worker in Country A is calculated by substituting the respective values in the Equation (4) as follows:
The steady state level of consumption per worker in Country A is 0.53.
The steady state level of consumption per worker in Country B is calculated by substituting the respective values in Equation (4) as follows:
The steady state level of consumption per worker in Country B is 0.95.
Output per worker: Output per worker is the ratio of the total output produced to the total workers employed.
(d)
The income per worker and the consumption per worker.
(d)

Explanation of Solution
If the capital per worker in both countries is equal to one, then it is given as follows:
The consumption per worker in Country A is calculated as follows:
The consumption per worker in Country A is 0.9.
The consumption per worker in Country B is calculated as follows:
The consumption per worker in Country B is 0.7.
(e)
The comparison of consumption in Country A and Country B.
(e)

Explanation of Solution
Table 1 shows the change in capital stock in Country A calculated using a spreadsheet.
Table 1
Year | k | y = k1/3 | c = (1 – sA)y | i = sAy | δk | Δk = i – δk |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.2 | −0.10 |
2 | 0.9 | 0.97 | 0.87 | 0.1 | 0.18 | −0.08 |
3 | 0.82 | 0.93 | 0.84 | 0.09 | 0.16 | −0.07 |
4 | 0.75 | 0.91 | 0.82 | 0.09 | 0.15 | −0.06 |
5 | 0.69 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.09 | 0.14 | −0.05 |
6 | 0.64 | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.09 | 0.13 | −0.04 |
7 | 0.6 | 0.84 | 0.76 | 0.08 | 0.12 | −0.04 |
Table 2 shows the change in capital stock in Country B calculated using a spreadsheet.
Table 2
Year | k | y = k1/3 | c = (1 – sA)y | i = sAy | δk | Δk = i – δk |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
2 | 1.1 | 1.03 | 0.72 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 0.09 |
3 | 1.19 | 1.06 | 0.74 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.08 |
4 | 1.27 | 1.08 | 0.76 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.07 |
5 | 1.34 | 1.1 | 0.77 | 0.33 | 0.27 | 0.06 |
6 | 1.4 | 1.12 | 0.78 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.06 |
7 | 1.46 | 1.13 | 0.79 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.05 |
It is evident from the table values that it takes 5 years for Country B to have a higher consumption per worker than Country A. In the 6 th year the consumption per worker in Country B is 0.784 which exceeds the consumption per worker in Country A which is 0.775 in absolute terms.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
MACROECONOMICS+ACHIEVE 1-TERM AC (LL)
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