Concept explainers
Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book.
Drawing Structures of Triacylglycerols Draw the structures of (a) all the possible triacylglycerols that can be formed from glycerol with Stearic and arachidonic acid and (b) all the phosphatidylserine isomers that tan be formed from palmitic and linolenic acids.
(a)
To explain:
The formation from glycerol from stearic and arachidonic acid should be described.
Introduction:
Glycerol is the colorless, viscous liquids that belong to the organic group of alcohol. It has three carbon atoms and three hydroxyl groups in its structure that are known as trihydroxyl sugar alcohol.
Explanation of Solution
The chiral molecule is found in the second carbon of glycerol if there is the presence of different substitutes at both ends of carbon. This can lead to the formation of six triacylglycerols from stearic and arachidonic acids as below:
(b)
To explain:
The formation from phosphatidylserine isomers from palmitic and linolenic acids should be described.
Introduction:
A phospholipid with fatty acid is known as phosphatidylserine that covers and protects the cells in the brain and carries messages. It has two fatty acids attached with ester linkage to the C-1 and C-2 of glycerol and serine attached by a phosphodiester linkage to the C-3 of glycerol.
Explanation of Solution
There is a presence of phosphate bonded with a serine residue at C-3 of glycerol in structures of phosphatidylserine. There are two common forms of linolenic acid which means four different phosphatidylserine can be formed from palmitic and linolenic acids as shown below:
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Chapter 8 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY II >CUSTOM<
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- for each pair of biomolecules, identify the type of reaction (oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis, isomerization, group transfer, or nternal rearrangement) required to convert the first molecule to the second. In each case, indicate the general type of enzyme and cofactor(s) c reactants required, and any other products that would result. R-CH-CH-CH-C-S-COA A(n) A(n) A(n) A(n) Palmitoyl-CoA R-CH-CH=CH-C-S-CoA ° trans-A-Enoyl-CoA reaction converts palmitoyl-CoA to trans-A2-enoyl-CoA. This reaction requires and also produces Coo HN-C-H CH₂ CH₂ CH CH CH, CH, L-Leucine CH, CH, D-Leucine 8/6881 COO HÌNH: reaction converts L-leucine to D-leucine. This reaction is catalyzed by a(n) H-C-OH H-C-OH C=0 HO-C-H HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH CH,OH Glucose H-C-OH CH,OH Fructose OH OH OH CH-C-CH₂ reaction converts glucose to fructose. This reaction is catalyzed by a(n) OH OH OPO I CH-C-CH H Glycerol Glycerol 3-phosphate H reaction converts glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate. This reaction requires H,N- H,N H…arrow_forwardAfter adding a small amount of ATP labeled with radioactive phosphorus in the terminal position, [7-32P]ATP, to a yeast extract, a researcher finds about half of the 32P activity in P; within a few minutes, but the concentration of ATP remains unchanged. She then carries out the same experiment using ATP labeled with 32P in the central position, [ẞ-³2P]ATP, but the 32P does not appear in P; within such a short time. Which statements explain these results? Yeast cells reincorporate P; released from [ß-³2P]ATP into ATP more quickly than P¡ released from [y-³2P]ATP. Only the terminal (y) phosphorous atom acts as an electrophilic target for nucleophilic attack. The terminal (y) phosphoryl group undergoes a more rapid turnover than the central (B) phosphate group. Yeast cells maintain ATP levels by regulating the synthesis and breakdown of ATP. Correct Answerarrow_forwardCompare the structure of the nucleoside triphosphate CTP with the structure of ATP. NH₂ 0- 0- 0- ·P—O—P—O—P—O—CH₂ H H H H OH OH Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) Consider the reaction: ATP + CDP ADP + CTP NH 0- 0- 0- ¯0— P—O— P—O—P-O-CH₂ H Η о H H OH OH Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) NH₂ Now predict the approximate K'eq for this reaction. Now predict the approximate AG for this reaction. Narrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning