Concept explainers
Figure 8.9 In pea plants, round peas (R) are dominant to wrinkled peas (r). You do a test cross between a pea plant with wrinkled peas (genotype rr) and a plant of unknown genotype that has round peas. You end up with three plants, all which have round peas. From this data, can you tell if the parent plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous?
To analyze:
If the parent plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
Introduction:
An organism is known as homozygous dominant when it carries two copies of same dominant allele and when it carries two copies of the same recessive allele, then it is called as homozygous recessive. In case of heterozygous organisms, two different alleles of a gene are present.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
According to the figure, Punnet square depicts the cross between plants with yellow and green seeds. There is a cross between the true-breeding parent (P) plantswhich produce F1 heterozygotes and are capable of self-fertilization. This self-cross of the F1 generation can be used for analysis with the Punnet square for predicting the genotype of the F2 generation. If the inheritance pattern of the dominant and recessive is provided then, the genotypic and phenotypic ratios can be determined.
Here, the pea plants having round peas(R) are dominant to the wrinkled peas(r). A test cross between a pea plant with the wrinkled peas having genotype (rr) and an unknown genotype having round peas. The progenyhas three plants with round peas. From this data,it cannot be surely concluded if the given plant is homozygous or heterozygous because the data set given is quite small. Due to a random chance, the three plants have acquired the dominant gene only even if the recessive gene is present.
Thus,from this data, we can't conclude if the given plant is homozygous or heterozygous because the data set given is quite small.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
- You want to determine whether genes a and b are linked. What cross would you use and why? How would this cross tell you if they are linked?arrow_forwardFigure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?arrow_forwardIn pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Perform the following cross- A pea plant pure-breeding for purple flowers with a white-flowered pea plant. What percentage of their offspring will be homozygous? What percentage of their offspring will be purple? What percentage of their offspring will be pure-breeding?arrow_forward
- In the video game Animal Crossing: New Horizons, flowering breeding is based in genetics. Each flower's color is determined by the genotype at three or four unlinked genes: R, Y, W, and S. The genotype of the elusive blue rose is RR YY ww ss. In the game, one way to get a blue rose is to cross two roses with the Rr Yy Ww ss genotype. A) What types of gametes and in what proportions will a Rr Yy Ww ss rose produce? B) In a cross Rr Yy Ww ss x Rr Yy Ww ss what are the possible offspring genotypes and at what frequency will they each appear? Show your work. C) What proportion of the offspring of the cross will be blue roses?arrow_forwardConsider a dominant pure-breeding parent pea plant that had green peas, was tall, and had purple flowers, was crossed with a recessive pure-breeding parent that had yellow peas, was short, and had white flowers. In order to produce a gene map, Doja Cat selects a single F1 heterozygote offspring and test crosses it to produce 80 F2 offspring that collectively exhibit eight different phenotypes with 10 organisms of each phenotype. Can she automatically assume that the three genes in the pea plants were linked?arrow_forwardIn a test cross, peas of an unknown genotype are crossed with peas of a known genotype. In this example, smooth peas are the unknown and wrinkled peas are the known (rr). If half of the offspring from that cross are smooth and half are wrinkled, what is the genotype of the unknown plant?arrow_forward
- In pea plants yellow seed color, (GG) and round seed shape (WW) seeds are dominant traits, while green color or (gg) wrinkled shape (ww) seeds are recessive traits. You cross a pure breeding plant with yellow wrinkled seeds to a pure breeding plant with green round seeds to generate F1s. When you perform a reciprocal cross you get the same results. If you perform a test cross on a female from the F1 generation, what outcome do you expect in the offspring? a) 4 phenotypes in equal proportions b) 4 phenotypes in unequal proportions c) 2 phenotypes in equal proportions d) 8 phenotypes in unequal proportions e) None of the abovearrow_forwardIn Primula vulgaris (primrose), purple flowers are dominant to white flowers, and short plants are dominant to tall plants. The genes controlling these two traits are on different chromosomes. You cross a true-breeding purple, short plant with a true-breeding white, tall plant and then intercross the resulting F1 offspring. In the F2 offspring, you find the following phenotypes: Purple, short Purple, tall 608 161 White, short White, tall 173 58 With your knowledge of the x' test, you will determine whether the outcomes of the F1 intercross corresponds to expectations based on Mendelian genetics. 1. What is your null hypothesis for the outcome of the F1 intercross? Write it here: 2. Based on your null hypothesis, how many individuals do you expect in each of the phenotypic classes? Write your expectations below. Purple, short Purple, tall White, short White, tall 3. What are the degrees of freedom for this test? Write your answer here:arrow_forwardIn corn plants, two pairs of genes control color in the ears of corn. The following genotypes result in various colors: W-C- [red]; wwC- [yellow]; W-cc [white]; wwcc [white]. What is the phenotypic ratio of the dihybrid cross between corn plants heterozygous for both genes? (Dashes mean the allele could be W or w)arrow_forward
- Give typed explanation : In peas, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). A homozygous tall plant is crossed with a short plant. The F1 are self-fertilized to produce the F2. Both tall and short plants appear in the F2. If the tall F2 are self-fertilized, what types of offspring and proportions will be produced?arrow_forwardIn watermelons, bitter fruit (B) is dominant over sweet fruit (b), and yellow spots (S) are dominant over no spots (s). The genes for these two characteristics assort independently. A homozygous plant that has bitter fruit and yellow spots is crossed with a homozygous plant that has sweet fruit and no spots. The F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2. a. What are the phenotypic ratios in the F2? b. If an F1 plant is backcrossed with the bitter, yellow-spotted parent, what phenotypes and proportions are expected in the offspring? c. If an F1 plant is backcrossed with the sweet, unspotted parent, what phenotypes and proportions are expected in the offspring?arrow_forwardIn the following cross, imagine that you have a female fly that has two Xs and one Y due to a nondisjunction event in her mother's germ cells. Draw out what the possible gametes are for both the female and the male and also a Punnett square showing the genotypes, phenotypes, and sex of the possible flies as a result of this cross. You do not need to provide the probabilities of each of these. Red-eyed wi C Ở Red-eyed wt XX Y X Y Meiosisarrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning