Explanation Given: ∫ 4 9 d t ( t 2 − 1 ) 2 Key Concept Applied: If the integrand (the expression after the integral sign) is in the form of an algebraic fraction and the integral cannot be evaluated by simple methods, the fraction needs to be expressed in partial fractions before integration takes place. The steps needed to decompose an algebraic fraction into its partial fractions results from a consideration of the reverse process-addition (or subtraction). Denominator containing Expression Form of partial Fractions Repeated linear factors f ( x ) ( x + a ) 3 A x + a + B ( x + a ) 2 + C ( x + a ) 3 U-Substitution is a technique we use when the integrand is a composite function. A composite function is a function inside another function of the form f ( g ( x ) ) where f ( x ) is the outside function and g ( x ) is the inside function. The first thing we will need to do is to recognize that we are being asked to integrate a product of a function and its derivative, and it takes the form of a composite function. This can be generalized for any product that is a composite function multiplied by the derivative of the inner function. This integration rule follows from the chain rule for differentiation, because U-Substitution is nothing more than the reverse of the chain rule. Substitution Rule To integrate: ∫ f ( g ( x ) ) ⋅ g ' ( x ) ⋅ d x ↗ ↖ I n s i d e f u n c t i o n O u t s i d e F u n c t i o n ( D e r i v a t i v e o f I n s i d e ) The essence of the substitution rule is to take an integral in terms of x and transform or change it into terms of u by finding the outside function and inside function, where the outside function is the derivative of the inside function. Then we will make a suitable substitution that will simplify our integrand so that we can integrate, as illustrated in three easy steps below: ∫ f ( g ( x ) ) ⋅ g ' ( x ) ⋅ d x , I f u = g ( x ) ⇒ d u = g ' ( x ) ⋅ d x , T h e n d x = d u g ' ( x ) A f t e r U − S u b t i t u t i o n , I n t e g r a l w i l l b e c o m e ... ∫ f ( u ) ⋅ g ' ( x ) ⋅ d u g ' ( x ) C a n c e l l i n g g ' ( x ) , w e g e t ... ∫ f ( u ) ⋅ d u Formula used: Formulas of Common Derivative ( c ) ' = 0 , where c any constant ( c ⋅ x ) ' = c ⋅ d x Formulas of Common Integral ∫ 1 u ⋅ d u = ln | u | + c ∫ u n d x = u n + 1 n + 1 + c , w h e r e n ≠ − 1 Calculation: Description ∫ 4 9 1 ( t 2 − 1 ) 2 ⋅ d t Step 1: Perform the partial fraction decomposition of 1 ( t 2 − 1 ) 2 ∫ 4 9 1 ( t 2 − 1 ) 2 ⋅ d t Step 2:Factor the denominator 1 ( t 2 − 1 ) 2 = 1 ( t + 1 ) 2 ⋅ ( t − 1 ) 2 Step 3: Take the partial fraction 1 ( t + 1 ) 2 ⋅ ( t − 1 ) 2 = A ( t + 1 ) + B ( t + 1 ) 2 + C ( t − 1 ) + D ( t − 1 ) 2 Step 4: Multiplying by LCD, we will get… 1 = A ( t + 1 ) ( t − 1 ) 2 + B ( t − 1 ) 2 + C ( t − 1 ) ( t + 1 ) 2 + D ( t + 1 ) 2 1 = t 3 ( A + C ) + t 2 ( − A + B + C + D ) + t ( − A − 2 B − C + 2 D ) + A + B − C + D Step 5: The coefficients near like terms should be equal, so the following system is obtained: A + C = 0 − A + B + C + D = 0 − A − 2 B − C + 2 D = 0 A + B − C + D = 1 Step 6: By solving the equations we will get… A = 1 4 , B = 1 4 , C = − 1 4 , a n d D = 1 4 Step 7: Plug the solutions to the partial fraction and simplify...

4th Edition

ISBN: 9781319434526

Author: Rogawski

Publisher: MAC HIGHER

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Question

Chapter 8, Problem 18CRE

To determine

To evaluate:

The given definite integral

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Chapter 8, Problem 17CRE

Chapter 8, Problem 19CRE

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Chapter 8 Solutions

CALCULUS 4E (LL) W/ ACHIEVE ACCESS

Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1PQ Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2PQ Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 3PQ Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 4E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 7E

Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 10E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 12E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 17E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 18E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 21E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 23E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 27E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 29E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 30E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 31E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 32E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 33E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 34E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 35E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 36E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 37E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 38E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 39E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 40E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 41E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 42E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 43E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 44E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 45E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 46E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 47E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 48E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 49E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 50E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 51E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 52E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 53E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 54E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 55E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 56E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 57E Ch. 8.1 - 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Prob. 4PQ Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 5PQ Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 6PQ Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 7PQ Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8PQ Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 9PQ Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 10PQ Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 11PQ Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 4E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 10E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 12E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 17E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 18E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 21E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 23E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 27E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 29E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 30E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 31E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 32E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 33E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 34E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 35E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 36E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 37E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 38E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 39E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 40E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 41E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 42E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 43E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 44E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 45E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 46E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 47E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 48E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 49E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 50E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 51E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 52E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 53E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 54E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 55E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 56E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 57E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 58E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 59E Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 60E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 1PQ Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 2PQ Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 3PQ Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 4PQ Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 5PQ Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 4E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 10E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 12E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 17E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 18E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 21E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 23E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 27E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 29E Ch. 8.7 - 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Prob. 24E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 27E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 29E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 30E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 31E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 32E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 33E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 34E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 35E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 36E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 37E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 38E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 39E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 40E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 41E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 42E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 43E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 44E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 45E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 46E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 47E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 48E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 49E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 50E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 51E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 52E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 53E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 54E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 55E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 56E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 57E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 58E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 59E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 60E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 61E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 62E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 63E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 64E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 65E Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 66E Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 2CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 3CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 4CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 5CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 6CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 7CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 8CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 9CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 10CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 11CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 12CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 13CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 14CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 15CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 16CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 17CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 18CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 19CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 20CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 21CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 22CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 23CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 24CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 25CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 26CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 27CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 28CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 29CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 30CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 31CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 32CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 33CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 34CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 35CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 36CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 37CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 38CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 39CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 40CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 41CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 42CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 43CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 44CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 45CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 46CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 47CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 48CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 49CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 50CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 51CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 52CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 53CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 54CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 55CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 56CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 57CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 58CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 59CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 60CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 61CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 62CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 63CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 64CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 65CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 66CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 67CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 68CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 69CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 70CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 71CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 72CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 73CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 74CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 75CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 76CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 77CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 78CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 79CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 80CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 81CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 82CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 83CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 84CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 85CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 86CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 87CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 88CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 89CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 90CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 91CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 92CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 93CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 94CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 95CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 96CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 97CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 98CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 99CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 100CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 101CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 102CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 103CRE Ch. 8 - Prob. 104CRE

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The given definite integral

Solution Summary: The author explains that if the integrand is in the form of an algebraic tion and the integral cannot be evaluated by simple methods, the tion needs to be expressed in partial tions.

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To evaluate: The given definite integral

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The given definite integral