How muscle tissue generates ATP during short-term and long-term exercise. Introduction: The transfer of hydrogen ion through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons, called a proton gradient. This proton gradient, also known as proton motive force is responsible for the conversion of ADP to FADH 2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) through the enzyme ATP synthase.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7.7, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

How muscle tissue generates ATP during short-term and long-term exercise.

Introduction:

The transfer of hydrogen ion through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons, called a proton gradient. This proton gradient, also known as proton motive force is responsible for the conversion of ADP to FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) through the enzyme ATP synthase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The energy source for muscle tissues are products of anaerobic as well aerobic respiration, which provide energy for short-term exercise. The oxidation of fatty acids, provide energy to the muscle tissues for long-term exercise.

Anaerobic respiration: The anaerobic source of energy for muscle tissues is lactic acid fermentation. The production of lactic acid from pyruvate releases energy in the form of ATP . The lactic acid along with ATP are utilized by the muscle tissues.

Aerobic respiration: The aerobic source of energy for muscle tissue is generation of ATP is the electron transport chain. The end product of the electron transport chain is a larger amount of ATP, which is utilized by the various tissues of the body.

Beta oxidation: The breakdown of triacylglycerol inside the cells, leads to the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. These fatty acids so formed, are further shortened by a series of reactions. This shortening of fatty acids results in sequential removal of two carbon units from their ends. This process is called beta oxidation, and the products of this process are NADH and FADH2 . These products are responsible for providing electrons for the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This is the reason, beta oxidation of fatty acids provide energy for long term exercise.

Conclusion

ATP in the muscle cells is generated during exercise by lactic acid fermentation, aerobic respiration, and beta oxidation.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Case Study—Ella Ella has a family history of diabetes. She wants to follow a healthful eating pattern that can lower her risk for developing this condition. Her dietitian recommends a goal of 450 to 600 kcal per meal and advises Ella to follow the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which recommend limiting added sugar. She also recommends that Ella choose whole grains rather than processed grains. Ella decides to pack a lunch to take to work every day. This morning she’s making a sandwich for her lunch. Categories of Sandwich Options (Top of the screen) Breads Spreads Cheeses Vegetables Proteins Specific food items to select White Bread 6-inches Honey Mustard Provolone LettuceTomatoBell Peppers Turkey Part A - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for Total Kilocalories How many total kilocalories are in Ella’s sandwich? _______ kcal ? Part B - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for…

Case Study—Ella Ella has a family history of diabetes. She wants to follow a healthful eating pattern that can lower her risk for developing this condition. Her dietitian recommends a goal of 450 to 600 kcal per meal and advises Ella to follow the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which recommend limiting added sugar. She also recommends that Ella choose whole grains rather than processed grains. Ella decides to pack a lunch to take to work every day. This morning she’s making a sandwich for her lunch. Categories of Sandwich Options (Top of the screen) Breads Spreads Cheeses Vegetables Proteins Specific food items to select White Bread 6-inches Honey Mustard Provolone LettuceTomatoBell Peppers Turkey Part A - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for Total Kilocalories How many total kilocalories are in Ella’s sandwich exactl ______kcal ? Part B - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for…

In humans, red-green color blindness is recessive and X-linked, whereas albinism is recessive and autosomal. What types of children can be produced as the result of marriage between two homozygous parents, a normal-vision albino woman and a color-blind, normal male?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7.7, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

How muscle tissue generates ATP during short-term and long-term exercise.

Introduction:

The transfer of hydrogen ion through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons, called a proton gradient. This proton gradient, also known as proton motive force is responsible for the conversion of ADP to FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) through the enzyme ATP synthase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The energy source for muscle tissues are products of anaerobic as well aerobic respiration, which provide energy for short-term exercise. The oxidation of fatty acids, provide energy to the muscle tissues for long-term exercise.

Anaerobic respiration: The anaerobic source of energy for muscle tissues is lactic acid fermentation. The production of lactic acid from pyruvate releases energy in the form of ATP . The lactic acid along with ATP are utilized by the muscle tissues.

Aerobic respiration: The aerobic source of energy for muscle tissue is generation of ATP is the electron transport chain. The end product of the electron transport chain is a larger amount of ATP, which is utilized by the various tissues of the body.

Beta oxidation: The breakdown of triacylglycerol inside the cells, leads to the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. These fatty acids so formed, are further shortened by a series of reactions. This shortening of fatty acids results in sequential removal of two carbon units from their ends. This process is called beta oxidation, and the products of this process are NADH and FADH2 . These products are responsible for providing electrons for the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This is the reason, beta oxidation of fatty acids provide energy for long term exercise.

Conclusion

ATP in the muscle cells is generated during exercise by lactic acid fermentation, aerobic respiration, and beta oxidation.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7.7, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

How muscle tissue generates ATP during short-term and long-term exercise.

Introduction:

The transfer of hydrogen ion through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons, called a proton gradient. This proton gradient, also known as proton motive force is responsible for the conversion of ADP to FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) through the enzyme ATP synthase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The energy source for muscle tissues are products of anaerobic as well aerobic respiration, which provide energy for short-term exercise. The oxidation of fatty acids, provide energy to the muscle tissues for long-term exercise.

Anaerobic respiration: The anaerobic source of energy for muscle tissues is lactic acid fermentation. The production of lactic acid from pyruvate releases energy in the form of ATP . The lactic acid along with ATP are utilized by the muscle tissues.

Aerobic respiration: The aerobic source of energy for muscle tissue is generation of ATP is the electron transport chain. The end product of the electron transport chain is a larger amount of ATP, which is utilized by the various tissues of the body.

Beta oxidation: The breakdown of triacylglycerol inside the cells, leads to the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. These fatty acids so formed, are further shortened by a series of reactions. This shortening of fatty acids results in sequential removal of two carbon units from their ends. This process is called beta oxidation, and the products of this process are NADH and FADH2 . These products are responsible for providing electrons for the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This is the reason, beta oxidation of fatty acids provide energy for long term exercise.

Conclusion

ATP in the muscle cells is generated during exercise by lactic acid fermentation, aerobic respiration, and beta oxidation.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7.7, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

How muscle tissue generates ATP during short-term and long-term exercise.

Introduction:

The transfer of hydrogen ion through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons, called a proton gradient. This proton gradient, also known as proton motive force is responsible for the conversion of ADP to FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) through the enzyme ATP synthase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The energy source for muscle tissues are products of anaerobic as well aerobic respiration, which provide energy for short-term exercise. The oxidation of fatty acids, provide energy to the muscle tissues for long-term exercise.

Anaerobic respiration: The anaerobic source of energy for muscle tissues is lactic acid fermentation. The production of lactic acid from pyruvate releases energy in the form of ATP . The lactic acid along with ATP are utilized by the muscle tissues.

Aerobic respiration: The aerobic source of energy for muscle tissue is generation of ATP is the electron transport chain. The end product of the electron transport chain is a larger amount of ATP, which is utilized by the various tissues of the body.

Beta oxidation: The breakdown of triacylglycerol inside the cells, leads to the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. These fatty acids so formed, are further shortened by a series of reactions. This shortening of fatty acids results in sequential removal of two carbon units from their ends. This process is called beta oxidation, and the products of this process are NADH and FADH2 . These products are responsible for providing electrons for the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This is the reason, beta oxidation of fatty acids provide energy for long term exercise.

Conclusion

ATP in the muscle cells is generated during exercise by lactic acid fermentation, aerobic respiration, and beta oxidation.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 7.7, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

How muscle tissue generates ATP during short-term and long-term exercise.

Introduction:

The transfer of hydrogen ion through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons, called a proton gradient. This proton gradient, also known as proton motive force is responsible for the conversion of ADP to FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) through the enzyme ATP synthase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The energy source for muscle tissues are products of anaerobic as well aerobic respiration, which provide energy for short-term exercise. The oxidation of fatty acids, provide energy to the muscle tissues for long-term exercise.

Anaerobic respiration: The anaerobic source of energy for muscle tissues is lactic acid fermentation. The production of lactic acid from pyruvate releases energy in the form of ATP . The lactic acid along with ATP are utilized by the muscle tissues.

Aerobic respiration: The aerobic source of energy for muscle tissue is generation of ATP is the electron transport chain. The end product of the electron transport chain is a larger amount of ATP, which is utilized by the various tissues of the body.

Beta oxidation: The breakdown of triacylglycerol inside the cells, leads to the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. These fatty acids so formed, are further shortened by a series of reactions. This shortening of fatty acids results in sequential removal of two carbon units from their ends. This process is called beta oxidation, and the products of this process are NADH and FADH2 . These products are responsible for providing electrons for the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This is the reason, beta oxidation of fatty acids provide energy for long term exercise.

Conclusion

ATP in the muscle cells is generated during exercise by lactic acid fermentation, aerobic respiration, and beta oxidation.

Answer 6

Chapter 7.7, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

How muscle tissue generates ATP during short-term and long-term exercise.

Introduction:

The transfer of hydrogen ion through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons, called a proton gradient. This proton gradient, also known as proton motive force is responsible for the conversion of ADP to FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) through the enzyme ATP synthase.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The energy source for muscle tissues are products of anaerobic as well aerobic respiration, which provide energy for short-term exercise. The oxidation of fatty acids, provide energy to the muscle tissues for long-term exercise.

Anaerobic respiration: The anaerobic source of energy for muscle tissues is lactic acid fermentation. The production of lactic acid from pyruvate releases energy in the form of ATP . The lactic acid along with ATP are utilized by the muscle tissues.

Aerobic respiration: The aerobic source of energy for muscle tissue is generation of ATP is the electron transport chain. The end product of the electron transport chain is a larger amount of ATP, which is utilized by the various tissues of the body.

Beta oxidation: The breakdown of triacylglycerol inside the cells, leads to the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. These fatty acids so formed, are further shortened by a series of reactions. This shortening of fatty acids results in sequential removal of two carbon units from their ends. This process is called beta oxidation, and the products of this process are NADH and FADH2 . These products are responsible for providing electrons for the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This is the reason, beta oxidation of fatty acids provide energy for long term exercise.

Conclusion

ATP in the muscle cells is generated during exercise by lactic acid fermentation, aerobic respiration, and beta oxidation.

Answer 7

Chapter 7.7, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

How muscle tissue generates ATP during short-term and long-term exercise.

Introduction:

The transfer of hydrogen ion through a proton pump generates an electrochemical gradient of protons, called a proton gradient. This proton gradient, also known as proton motive force is responsible for the conversion of ADP to FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) through the enzyme ATP synthase.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The energy source for muscle tissues are products of anaerobic as well aerobic respiration, which provide energy for short-term exercise. The oxidation of fatty acids, provide energy to the muscle tissues for long-term exercise.

Anaerobic respiration: The anaerobic source of energy for muscle tissues is lactic acid fermentation. The production of lactic acid from pyruvate releases energy in the form of ATP . The lactic acid along with ATP are utilized by the muscle tissues.

Aerobic respiration: The aerobic source of energy for muscle tissue is generation of ATP is the electron transport chain. The end product of the electron transport chain is a larger amount of ATP, which is utilized by the various tissues of the body.

Beta oxidation: The breakdown of triacylglycerol inside the cells, leads to the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. These fatty acids so formed, are further shortened by a series of reactions. This shortening of fatty acids results in sequential removal of two carbon units from their ends. This process is called beta oxidation, and the products of this process are NADH and FADH2 . These products are responsible for providing electrons for the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This is the reason, beta oxidation of fatty acids provide energy for long term exercise.