The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes : Concept introduction: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 7.6, Problem 10CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

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4. The enthalpies, AH°, for the hydrogenation of three alkenes are shown below: Alkene A: -50 kcal/mole Alkene B: -60 kcal/mole Alkene C: -70 kcal/mole Which alkene is the least stable and why?

Match each alkene to its heat of hydrogenation. Alkenes: 3-methylbut-1-ene, 2-methylbut-1-ene, 2-methylbut-2-ene ΔH° (hydrogenation) kJ/mol: –119, –127, –112

2. Explain the selectivity of the following reaction, which produces a single product despite both alkene carbons being equally substituted. H3C CF3 HBr CF3 H3C CF3 H3C Br- H3C only product -H CF3

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 7.6, Problem 10CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 7.6, Problem 10CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 7.6, Problem 10CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7.6, Problem 10CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

Answer 6

Chapter 7.6, Problem 10CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

Answer 7

Chapter 7.6, Problem 10CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The order of stability is to be interpreted for the given alkenes:

Concept introduction:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are known as alkenes. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on their substitution.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 8CC

Solution Summary: The author analyzes the stability of unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms.

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