11. Which of the following is the reciprocal of a linear function? 3 a. f(x) = 32 +1 X b. f(x) = = X + 3 12. Which of the following is the reciprocal of a quadratic function? 1 a. f(x) = 4x + 1 X b. f(x) = = X+1 c. Ax)=3+1 2 d. f(x) = X+3 c. f(x) = - x + 1 d. none of the above

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4. Consider Chebychev's equation (1 - x²)y" - xy + λy = 0 with boundary conditions y(-1) = 0 and y(1) = 0, where X is a constant. (a) Show that Chebychev's equation can be expressed in Sturm-Liouville form d · (py') + qy + Ary = 0, dx y(1) = 0, y(-1) = 0, where p(x) = (1 = x²) 1/2, q(x) = 0 and r(x) = (1 − x²)-1/2 (b) Show that the eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville equation are extremals of the functional A[y], where A[y] = I[y] J[y]' and I[y] and [y] are defined by - I [y] = √, (my² — qy²) dx and J[y] = [[", ry² dx. Explain briefly how to use this to obtain estimates of the smallest eigenvalue >1. 1 (c) Let k > be a parameter. Explain why the functions y(x) = (1-x²) are suitable 4 trial functions for estimating the smallest eigenvalue. Show that the value of A[y] for these trial functions is 4k2 A[y] = = 4k - 1' and use this to estimate the smallest eigenvalue \1. Hint: L₁ x²(1 − ²)³¹ dr = 1 (1 - x²)³ dx (ẞ > 0). 2ẞ

You recieve a case of fresh Michigan cherries that weighs 8.2 kg. You will be making cherry pies. Each pie will require 1 3/4 pounds of pitted cherries. How many pies can be made from the case if the yield percent for cherries is 87

Q/ show that the system: x = Y + x(x² + y²) y° = =x+y (x² + y²) 9 X=-x(x²+ y²) 9 X Y° = x - y (x² + y²) have the same lin car part at (0,0) but they are topologically different. Give the reason.

Q/ Find the region where ODES has no limit cycle: -X = X + X3 y=x+y+y'

B:Show that the function 4H(x,y)= (x² + y2)2-2((x² + y²) is a first integral of ODES: x=y + y(x² + y²) y=x+x (x² + y²) and sketch the stability of critical points and draw the phase portrait of system.

A: Show that the ODES has no limit cycle in a region D and find this region: x=y-2x³ y=x+y-2y3 C

optımızatıon theory