Finite Mathematics & Its Applications (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134507125
Author: Goldstein
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.1, Problem 1CYU
Suppose that a list consists of 17 numbers in increasing order. Clearly, the first number is the min, and the last number is the max.
Which number in the list is the median?
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In Gallup's Annual Consumption Habits Poll, telephone interviews were conducted for a
random sample of 1014 adults aged 18 and over. One of the questions was, "How many
cups of coffee, if any, do you drink on an average day?" The following table shows the
results obtained (Gallup website, August 6, 2012).
Number of Cups
per Day
0
1
2
3
4 or more
Number of
Responses
365
264
193
91
101
Define a random variable x = number of cups of coffee consumed on an average day. Let
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Ten major college football bowl games were played in January 2010, with the University
of Alabama beating the University of Texas 37 to 21 to become the national champion
of college football. The results of the 10 bowl games follow (USA Today, January 8, 2010).
Bowl Game
Score
Outback
Gator
Auburn 38 Northwestern 35
Florida State 33 West Virginia 21
Capital One
Penn State 19 LSU 17
Rose
Ohio State 26 Oregon 17
Florida 51 Cincinnati 24
Sugar
Cotton
Alamo
Fiesta
Mississippi State 21 Oklahoma State 7
Texas Tech 41 Michigan State 31
Boise State 17 TCU 10
Orange
Iowa 24 Georgia Tech 14
Championship
Alabama 37 Texas 21
Predicted
Point Margin
Actual
Point Margin
5
3
1
12
3
-2
14
3
9
-4
-3
4
229740706
14
10
10
16
The predicted winning point margin was based on Las Vegas betting odds approximately
one week before the bowl games were played. For example, Auburn was predicted to beat
Northwestern in the Outback Bowl by five points. The actual winning point margin for Au-
burn was three points. A…
In 2007 the New York Times reported that the median annual household income in the United
States was $55,500 (New York Times website, August, 21, 2013). Answer the following
questions based on the following sample of 14 household incomes for 2013 ($1000s).
49.4
52.2
52.4
53.4
51.3
52.1
48.7
64.5
51.6
46.5
52.9
52.5
52.1
51.2
a.
What is the median household income for the sample data for 2013?
b. Based on the sample data, estimate the percentage change in the median household
income from 2007 to 2013.
c. Compute the first and third quartiles.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Finite Mathematics & Its Applications (12th Edition)
Ch. 7.1 - Suppose that a list consists of 17 numbers in...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 7.1 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 7.1 - In Exercise 1–4, display the data in a bar chart...Ch. 7.1 - In Exercise 1–4, display the data in a bar chart...Ch. 7.1 - In Exercise 1–4, display the data in a bar chart...Ch. 7.1 - In Exercise 1–4, display the data in a bar chart...Ch. 7.1 - 5. School Enrollments Display the data from the...Ch. 7.1 - 6. U.S. Defense Employees Display the data from...Ch. 7.1 - 7. Interest on Public Debt In 2015, the interest...
Ch. 7.1 - 8. U.S. Defense Employees Display the data from...Ch. 7.1 - Great Lakes Display the data from the table in...Ch. 7.1 - Bachelors Degrees Display the data from the table...Ch. 7.1 - Freshman Aspirations Exercises 11 and 12 refer to...Ch. 7.1 - Freshman Aspirations Exercises 11 and 12 refer to...Ch. 7.1 - 13. Vice Presidential Tie Breakers The number of...Ch. 7.1 - 14. Presidential Ages The ages at inauguration of...Ch. 7.1 - Quiz Scores The bar charts in Exercises 15 and 16...Ch. 7.1 - Quiz Scores The bar charts in Exercises 15 and 16...Ch. 7.1 - In Exercises 17 and 18, draw the box plot...Ch. 7.1 - In Exercises 17 and 18, draw the box plot...Ch. 7.1 - In Exercises 19–22, find the five-number summary...Ch. 7.1 - In Exercises 1922, find the five-number summary...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 7.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 7.1 - 23. Match each of the histograms in column I with...Ch. 7.1 - Food Cost The box plot for the price (in cents) of...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 7.1 - Prob. 26ECh. 7.1 - Batting Averages On April 16, 2016, the Toronto...Ch. 7.1 - In Exercises 28–31, use technology to produce...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 7.1 - Prob. 30ECh. 7.1 - In Exercises 28–31, use technology to produce...Ch. 7.2 - 1. Carnival Game In a certain carnival game, a...Ch. 7.2 - Carnival Game Refer to the carnival game of...Ch. 7.2 - 1. Final Grades Table 11 gives the frequency...Ch. 7.2 - 2. Gas Queue The number of cars waiting to be...Ch. 7.2 - Weather Reports A local news website counted the...Ch. 7.2 - Production Level A production manager counted the...Ch. 7.2 - Coin Tosses A fair coin is tossed three times, and...Ch. 7.2 - 6. Archery An archer can hit the bull’s-eye of the...Ch. 7.2 - 7. Selecting Balls from an Urn An urn contains...Ch. 7.2 - 8. Rolling a Die A die is rolled, and the number...Ch. 7.2 - Carnival Game In a certain carnival game, the...Ch. 7.2 - 10. Carnival Game In a certain carnival game, a...Ch. 7.2 - 11. Figure 9 is the histogram for a probability...Ch. 7.2 - Figure 10 on the next page is the histogram for a...Ch. 7.2 - Let the random variables X and Y have the...Ch. 7.2 - Let the random variables X and Y have the...Ch. 7.2 - Let the random variables X and Y have the...Ch. 7.2 - Let the random variables X and Y have the...Ch. 7.2 - Let the random variables X and Y have the...Ch. 7.2 - Let the random variables X and Y have the...Ch. 7.2 - Let the random variables X and Y have the...Ch. 7.2 - Let the random variables X and Y have the...Ch. 7.2 - 21. Grade Distributions Two classes take the same...Ch. 7.2 - 22. Grade Distributions Use Table 16 to answer the...Ch. 7.2 - Exercises 23–26 refer to the tables and relative...Ch. 7.2 - Exercises 2326 refer to the tables and relative...Ch. 7.2 - Exercises 2326 refer to the tables and relative...Ch. 7.2 - Exercises 23–26 refer to the tables and relative...Ch. 7.2 - 27. Table 17 gives the probability distribution of...Ch. 7.2 - Table 18 gives the probability distribution of the...Ch. 7.2 - Table 19 gives the probability distribution of the...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 7.3 - A number is selected at random from the numbers 0...Ch. 7.3 - 2. If the experiment in Problem 1 is repeated 20...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 7.3 - In Exercises 14, calculate (kn)pkqnk for the given...Ch. 7.3 - In Exercises 1–4, calculate for the given values...Ch. 7.3 - In Exercises 14, calculate (kn)pkqnk for the given...Ch. 7.3 - In Exercises 1–4, calculate for the given values...Ch. 7.3 - Coin Tosses A coin is tossed 10 times. In...Ch. 7.3 - Coin Tosses A coin is tossed 10 times. In...Ch. 7.3 - Coin Tosses A coin is tossed 10 times. In...Ch. 7.3 - Coin Tosses A coin is tossed 10 times. In...Ch. 7.3 - Coin Tosses A coin is tossed 10 times. In...Ch. 7.3 - Coin Tosses A coin is tossed 10 times. In...Ch. 7.3 - Rolling a Die A single die is rolled four times....Ch. 7.3 - Rolling a Die A single die is rolled four times....Ch. 7.3 - Rolling a Die A single die is rolled four times....Ch. 7.3 - Rolling a Die A single die is rolled four times....Ch. 7.3 - Rolling a Die A single die is rolled four times....Ch. 7.3 - Rolling a Die A single die is rolled four times....Ch. 7.3 - Twenty-Somethings Fourteen percent of U.S....Ch. 7.3 - Twenty-Somethings Fourteen percent of U.S....Ch. 7.3 - Twenty-Somethings Fourteen percent of U.S....Ch. 7.3 - Twenty-Somethings Fourteen percent of U.S....Ch. 7.3 - Twenty-Somethings Fourteen percent of U.S....Ch. 7.3 - Twenty-Somethings Fourteen percent of U.S....Ch. 7.3 - Career Training According to the study The...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 7.3 - Career Training According to the study The...Ch. 7.3 - Career Training According to the study The...Ch. 7.3 - 27. Children A family chosen at random has four...Ch. 7.3 - 28. New Employees A manager at a call center...Ch. 7.3 - College Acceptances Exercises 29 and 30 refer to...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 30ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 7.3 - Veterinary Medicine Exercises 31 and 32 refer to...Ch. 7.3 - Car Sales An automotive salesman determines that...Ch. 7.3 - 34. Insurance Claims A homeowner’s insurance...Ch. 7.3 - Coin Tosses When a coin is tossed 100 times, the...Ch. 7.3 - Rolling Dice When a die is rolled 10 times, the...Ch. 7.3 - Figure 6 shows the histogram for a binomial random...Ch. 7.3 - 38. Figure 7 shows the histogram for a binomial...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 39ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 40ECh. 7.3 - Centenarians The probability that a 20-year-old...Ch. 7.3 - 42. Left-handedness Ten percent of the population...Ch. 7.3 - 43. Drug Reaction Suppose that the probability of...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 44ECh. 7.3 - Voter Polling Suppose that 60% of the voters in a...Ch. 7.3 - Jury Verdict A jury has 12 jurors. A vote of at...Ch. 7.3 - Quality Control Three percent of the circuit...Ch. 7.3 - Quality Control Refer to Example 1. What is the...Ch. 7.3 - Genetics Every offspring inherits a gene for hair...Ch. 7.3 - Theft of Gold A small country owns 10,000 gold...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 51ECh. 7.3 - 52. Basketball A basketball player makes free...Ch. 7.3 - Basketball A basketball player makes 82% of her...Ch. 7.3 - 54. Darts The probability is .64 that a dartist...Ch. 7.3 - Tennis A single match at the mens U.S. Open...Ch. 7.3 - 56. Baseball The World Series consists of a...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 57ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 58ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 59ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 60ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 61ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 62ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 63ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 64ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 66ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 67ECh. 7.3 - 68. Calculate the probability of between 45 and 55...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 69ECh. 7.4 - Life Insurance A 74-year-old man pays $1000 for a...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 7.4 - In Exercises 14, determine whether the quantity...Ch. 7.4 - In Exercises 14, determine whether the quantity...Ch. 7.4 - In Exercises 1–4, determine whether the quantity...Ch. 7.4 - In Exercises 14, determine whether the quantity...Ch. 7.4 - Find the expected value for the probability...Ch. 7.4 - Find the expected value for the probability...Ch. 7.4 - Grades A college student received the following...Ch. 7.4 - Gymnastic Scores An Olympic gymnast received the...Ch. 7.4 - 9. Comparing Toothpastes Table 12 gives the...Ch. 7.4 - 10. Investments Table 13 gives the possible...Ch. 7.4 - In Exercises 11–14, find the expected value for...Ch. 7.4 - In Exercises 11–14, find the expected value for...Ch. 7.4 - In Exercises 11–14, find the expected value for...Ch. 7.4 - In Exercises 1114, find the expected value for the...Ch. 7.4 - Roulette In American roulette, a bettor may place...Ch. 7.4 - 16. Roulette In American roulette, a dollar may be...Ch. 7.4 - Carnival Game In a carnival game, the player...Ch. 7.4 - Carnival Game In a carnival game, the player...Ch. 7.4 - 19. Life Insurance Using life insurance tables, a...Ch. 7.4 - Life Insurance Using life insurance tables, a...Ch. 7.4 - 21. Batting Averages Five members of a baseball...Ch. 7.4 - 22. Exam Scores Three members of a study group...Ch. 7.4 - Dice A pair of dice is rolled, and the larger of...Ch. 7.4 - Dice A pair of dice is rolled, and the smaller of...Ch. 7.4 - Chuck-a-Luck Redo Example 6, where the player wins...Ch. 7.4 - 26. Chuck-a-Luck Consider Example 6 with six...Ch. 7.4 - Bachelors Degrees According to the National Center...Ch. 7.4 - 28. Faculty Degrees According to the American...Ch. 7.4 - 29. Rolling a Die A die is rolled 30 times. What...Ch. 7.4 - Baseball Ted is a consistent .275 hitter. How many...Ch. 7.4 - Basketball A basketball player makes 40% of their...Ch. 7.4 - 32. Binomial Trials What is the probability of...Ch. 7.4 - Exercises 33–36 require the use of counting...Ch. 7.4 - Exercises 3336 require the use of counting...Ch. 7.4 - Exercises 33–36 require the use of counting...Ch. 7.4 - Exercises 33–36 require the use of counting...Ch. 7.4 - Rain Insurance The promoter of a football game is...Ch. 7.4 - Theft Insurance Bob wishes to insure a priceless...Ch. 7.4 - Ticket Sales Last weekend, a movie theater sold x...Ch. 7.4 - 40. Candle Sales A store sold an average...Ch. 7.4 - 41. Weather The average daily temperature during...Ch. 7.4 - Grades Jos wants to earn a 90% overall average in...Ch. 7.4 - 43. Mean If 5, 6, and x have the same average as...Ch. 7.4 - Game of Chance Table 14 gives the probability...Ch. 7.4 - 45. Factory Production An assembly line produces...Ch. 7.4 - 46. Weekly Revenue A small business had an average...Ch. 7.4 - 47. Truck Capacity A truck can carry a maximum of...Ch. 7.4 - Magazine Sales Half of the magazines at a...Ch. 7.5 - 1. (a) Compute the variance of the probability...Ch. 7.5 - 2. Refer to the probability distribution in Table...Ch. 7.5 - 1. Compute the variance of the probability...Ch. 7.5 - 2. Compute the variance of the probability...Ch. 7.5 - Determine by inspection which one of the...Ch. 7.5 - Determine by inspection which one of the...Ch. 7.5 - 5. Investment Returns Table 7 gives the...Ch. 7.5 - Golf Scores Two golfers recorded their scores for...Ch. 7.5 - Weekly Sales Table 8 gives the relative frequency...Ch. 7.5 - Course Grades Student A received the following...Ch. 7.5 - Coin Tosses Suppose that a coin is tossed 10...Ch. 7.5 - 10. Dice Suppose that a pair of dice is rolled 720...Ch. 7.5 - 11. Quality Control A manufacturer produces smart...Ch. 7.5 - 12. Basketball A basketball player makes each free...Ch. 7.5 - Chebychev Inequality Suppose that a probability...Ch. 7.5 - Chebychev Inequality Suppose that a probability...Ch. 7.5 - 15. Bulb Lifetimes For certain types of...Ch. 7.5 - 16. Quality Control An electronics firm determines...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 7.5 - 18. Chebychev Inequality Suppose that a...Ch. 7.5 - Dice The probability distribution for the sum of...Ch. 7.5 - Dice The probability distribution, rounded to the...Ch. 7.5 - Variance Use the alternative formula for variance...Ch. 7.5 - 22. If X is a random variable, then the variance...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 23ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 24ECh. 7.5 - 25. College Enrollments Table 12 gives the fall...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 26ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 27ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 28ECh. 7.6 - Refer to Fig. 35(a). Find the value of z for which...Ch. 7.6 - Refer to the normal curve in Fig. 35(b). Express...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 1-8, use the table for A(z) (Table 2)...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 1-8, use the table for A(z) (Table 2)...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 1-8, use the table for A(z) (Table 2)...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 1-8, use the table for A(z) (Table 2)...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 1-8, use the table for (Table 2) to...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 1-8, use the table for (Table 2) to...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 1-8, use the table for (Table 2) to...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 1-8, use the table for A(z) (Table 2)...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 9-12, find the value of z for which...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 9-12, find the value of z for which...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 9-12, find the value of z for which...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 9-12, find the value of z for which...Ch. 7.6 - What is the 80th percentile of the standard normal...Ch. 7.6 - What is the 40th percentile of the standard normal...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 15ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 16ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 17ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 18ECh. 7.6 - Exercises 1922 refer to the normal curve with...Ch. 7.6 - Exercises 19–22 refer to the normal curve with...Ch. 7.6 - Exercises 19–22 refer to the normal curve with...Ch. 7.6 - Exercises 1922 refer to the normal curve with...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 23-26, find the areas of the shaded...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 23-26, find the areas of the shaded...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 23-26, find the areas of the shaded...Ch. 7.6 - In Exercises 23-26, find the areas of the shaded...Ch. 7.6 - 27. What is the probability that an outcome of a...Ch. 7.6 - 28. What is the probability that an outcome of a...Ch. 7.6 - Find the value of for a normal random variable X...Ch. 7.6 - Find the value of for a normal random variable X...Ch. 7.6 - Elephant Heights Suppose that the height (at the...Ch. 7.6 - 32. Bottling Reliability At a soft-drink bottling...Ch. 7.6 - Manufacturing Reliability Bolts produced by a...Ch. 7.6 - Heights In a certain population, heights (in...Ch. 7.6 - 35. Manufacturing Reliability In a certain...Ch. 7.6 - 36. IQ Scores As measured with the Stanford-Binet...Ch. 7.6 - 37. Production Quotas The number of barrels of oil...Ch. 7.6 - Lightbulb Lifetimes Suppose that the lifetimes of...Ch. 7.6 - SAT Scores Assume that SAT verbal scores for a...Ch. 7.6 - 40. Mailing Bags A mail-order house uses an...Ch. 7.6 - Tire Lifetimes The lifetime of a certain brand of...Ch. 7.6 - Soft-Drink Dispenser Let X be the amount of soda...Ch. 7.6 - (True or False) A normal curve with a large value...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 44ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 45ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 46ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 47ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 48ECh. 7.7 - 1. Drug Testing A new drug is being tested on...Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 1–22, use the normal curve to ...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 1–22, use the normal curve to ...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 1–22, use the normal curve to ...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 1–22, use the normal curve to ...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 1–22, use the normal curve to ...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 1–22, use the normal curve to ...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 1–22, use the normal curve to ...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 1–22, use the normal curve to ...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 122, use the normal curve to...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 23–26, find the more precise answer...Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 24ECh. 7.7 - In Exercises 23–26, find the more precise answer...Ch. 7.7 - In Exercises 2326, find the more precise answer to...Ch. 7 - What is a bar chart? A pie chart? A histogram? A...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2FCCECh. 7 - What is a frequency distribution? A relative...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 5FCCECh. 7 - What is meant by the probability distribution of a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 8FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 9FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 10FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 11FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 12FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 13FCCECh. 7 - U.S. Population Display the data from Table 1 in a...Ch. 7 - Find the five-number summary and the interquartile...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3RECh. 7 - Prob. 4RECh. 7 - Prob. 5RECh. 7 - 6. Archery An archer has probability .3 of hitting...Ch. 7 - 7. Guessing on an Exam A true–false exam consists...Ch. 7 - Dice A pair of fair dice is rolled 12 times. Note:...Ch. 7 - Table 2 gives the probability distribution of the...Ch. 7 - 10. Balls in an Urn An urn contains four red balls...Ch. 7 - The probability distribution of a random variable...Ch. 7 - Dice Game Lucy and Ethel play a game of chance in...Ch. 7 - 13. Suppose that a probability distribution has...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14RECh. 7 - Prob. 15RECh. 7 - Prob. 16RECh. 7 - 17. Heights of Adult Males The height of adult...Ch. 7 - Figure 3(a) is a standard normal curve. Find the...Ch. 7 - Figure 3(b) is a normal curve with =80and=15. Find...Ch. 7 - IQ Scores As measured with the Wechsler Adult...Ch. 7 - 21. Jury Selection In a certain city, 2/5 of the...Ch. 7 - Quality Control In a complicated production...Ch. 7 - Prob. 23RECh. 7 - Prob. 24RECh. 7 - Prob. 25RECh. 7 - Prob. 26RECh. 7 - If each number in a set of numbers is increased by...Ch. 7 - 28. If each number in a set of numbers is doubled,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29RECh. 7 - Prob. 30RECh. 7 - An urn contains four red balls and six white...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2PCh. 7 - An urn contains four red balls and six white...Ch. 7 - An urn contains four red balls and six white...Ch. 7 - An urn contains four red balls and six white...Ch. 7 - An urn contains four red balls and six white...Ch. 7 - An urn contains four red balls and six white...Ch. 7 - An urn contains four red balls and six white...Ch. 7 - An urn contains four red balls and six white...
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ISBN:9781337111348
Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan Noell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mathematics For Machine Technology
Advanced Math
ISBN:9781337798310
Author:Peterson, John.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...
Algebra
ISBN:9781680331141
Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305652231
Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Shape of Data: Distributions: Crash Course Statistics #7; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPFNxD3Yg6U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Shape, Center, and Spread - Module 20.2 (Part 1); Author: Mrmathblog;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COaid7O_Gag;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Shape, Center and Spread; Author: Emily Murdock;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YyW0DSCzpM;License: Standard Youtube License