Chapter 7, Problem 7.67SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The mechanism to show which three fluoroalkenes are formed by the reaction of $\left(\text{S}\right)\text{-2-bromo-2-fluorobutane}$ with methoxide ion in methanol.

Interpretation: The mechanism to show which three fluoroalkenes are formed by the reaction of $\left(\text{S}\right)\text{-2-bromo-2-fluorobutane}$ with methoxide ion in methanol is to be represented.

Concept introduction: The elimination reaction is the organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from the organic molecule in one step or two steps. The two mechanisms of the elimination reaction are E1 and E2 mechanism.

E1 mechanism is carried out with ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reactions. It is a two step process that consists of ionization and deprotonation. This mechanism takes place in tertiary alkyl halides and secondary alkyl halides.

The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction is the nucleophilic substitution reaction that occurs in two steps.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The mechanism to show the formation of $\left(\text{S}\right)\text{-2-fluro-2-methoxybutane}$ from $\left(\text{S}\right)\text{-2-bromo-2-fluorobutane}$ and if the reaction has gone through retention or inversion of configuration.

Interpretation: The mechanism to show the formation of $\left(\text{S}\right)\text{-2-fluro-2-methoxybutane}$ from $\left(\text{S}\right)\text{-2-bromo-2-fluorobutane}$ is to be stated and if the reaction has gone through retention or inversion of configuration is to be determined.

Concept introduction: In ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction, the nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs in which one of the bonds is broken and simultaneously another bond is formed.

In ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ $\text{E2}$ elimination reaction, the anion that is incoming acts as a base, not as a nucleophile, removal of proton leads to the formation of alkenes.