Chapter 7, Problem 73PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More reactive alkyl halide should be predicted during solvolysis process.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Carbocation is intermediate in this process.

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism.

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.