
1.
Sales Volume Variance
Sales volume variance is the variation in the actual units sold of a product and the budgeted sales of that product multiplied by the contribution margin of the product.
Sales volume variance and flexible
2.
Direct Material Price Variance:
Direct material price variance in the difference between the budgeted per unit cost of raw material and the actual per unit cost multiplied by the number of units purchased.
Direct Material Efficiency Variance:
Direct material efficiency variance is the difference between the budgeted quantities and the actual quantities purchased at a specific price.
Direct Labor Price Variance:
Direct labor price variance is the difference between the actual price charged by the labor for the work performed and the budgeted price of the labor.
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance:
Direct labor efficiency variance is the difference between the actual time consumed in manufacturing unit and the standard time allowed or the budgeted time for the manufacture of a unit multiplied by the standard direct labor rate.
price and efficiency variances of direct material and direct manufacturing labor.

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Chapter 7 Solutions
Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis, 15th Edition
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