OWLv2 6-Months Printed Access Card for Kotz/Treichel/Townsend's Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, 9th, 9th Edition
OWLv2 6-Months Printed Access Card for Kotz/Treichel/Townsend's Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, 9th, 9th Edition
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285460680
Author: Kotz, Treichel, Townsend
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 44GQ

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of Cerium and (Ce3+) has to be predicted using an orbital box diagram and noble gas configuration.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons (e-) of an given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbital’s.

Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.

Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

Pauli exclusion rule: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.

a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 44GQ

Statement (a): The atomic number of Cerium (Ce) (Z=58) electronic configuration of Cerium (Ce) =1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f15d16s2 and Noble gas configuration of [Xe] 4f15d16s2. The electronic configuration of Cerium (Ce3+) ions=

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f15d06s0 noble gas configuration of Chromium (Cr3+) ions=[Xe] 4f15d06s0

Statement (b): The atomic number of Holmium (Ho) (Z=67) electronic configuration of Holmium (Ho) =1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f116s2 and Noble gas configuration of [Xe] 4f116s2. The electronic configuration of Holmium (Ho3+) ions= 

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f106s0 noble gas configuration of Holmium (Ho3+) ions=[Xe] 4f106s0

To determine: The orbital notation method, noble gas configuration methods and should be explained given the cerium (Ce), Holmium (Ho) elements and its (Ce3+), (Ho3+) ions.

Explanation of Solution

  • Electronic configuration for Cerium (Ce) system:

  AtomicnumberofCerium(Ce)=58Complete (spdf)notationof(Ce)=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f15d16s2Orbital filling method=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d85s25p64f65d06s2spdfwith noble gas notation=[Xe] 4f15d16s2[AtomicnumberofXe=54]Orbitalboxnotation       = [Xe]4f15d16s2

Hence, the electron configuration of cerium is [Xe] 4f15d16s2

  • Electronic configuration for Cerium (Ce3+) system:

When Cerium (Ce) was oxidized into (Ce3+) ions, it loses three electrons from outermost (5d, 6s) shells. Than this orbital filling method are shown below.

  AtomicnumberofCerium(Ce)= 58Complete (spdf)notationof(Ce)=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f15d06s0Loss for three electrons in Cerium (Ce)valancy shells = 58-3 = 55Orbital filling method=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d85s25p64f65d06s0spdfwith noble gas notation=[Xe] 4f15d06s0[AtomicnumberofXe=54]Orbitalboxnotation       = [Xe]4f15d06s0

Hence, the electron configuration of cerium is [Xe] 4f15d06s0

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of Holmium and (Ho3+) has to be predicted using an orbital box diagram and noble gas configuration.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons (e-) of an given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbital’s.

Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.

Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

Pauli exclusion rule: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.

b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

  • The electron configuration of Cerium:

The Holmium (Ho) has 13 electrons in outermost shells the 11 electrons in (4f) shells, two electron in (6s) orbitals, the electrons filling method presented below.

AtomicnumberofHolmium (Ho)=67Complete (spdf)notationof(Ho)=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f116s2Orbital filling method=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d85s25p64f115d06s2spdfwith noble gas notation=[Xe] 4f116s2[AtomicnumberofXe=54]Orbitalboxnotation       = [Xe]4f115d06s2(or)=[Xe]4f116s2

Hence, the electron configuration of Holmium is [Xe] 4f116s2

  • The electron configuration of Ce3+:

When Holmium (Ho) was oxidized into (Ho3+) ions, it loses for three electrons from outermost (4f and 6s) shells. Than this orbital filling method are shown below.

AtomicnumberofHolmium (Ho)=67Loss for four electrons in Holmium (Ho)valancy shells=67-3=64Complete (spdf)notationof(Ho)=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f106s0Orbital filling method=1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d85s25p64f105d06s0spdfwith noble gas notation=[Xe] 4f106s0[AtomicnumberofXe=54]Orbitalboxnotation       = [Xe]4f105d06s0(or)=[Xe]4f106s0

Hence, the electron configuration of Holmium (III) is [Xe] 4f106s0

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Chapter 7 Solutions

OWLv2 6-Months Printed Access Card for Kotz/Treichel/Townsend's Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, 9th, 9th Edition

Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1.6ACPCh. 7.6 - Give the electron configurations for iron and the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2.2ACPCh. 7.6 - Prob. 2.3ACPCh. 7.6 - Prob. 2.4ACPCh. 7 - Write the electron configurations for P and CI...Ch. 7 - Write the electron configurations for Mg and Ar...Ch. 7 - Using spdf notation, write the electron...Ch. 7 - Using spdf notation, give the electron...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5PSCh. 7 - Prob. 6PSCh. 7 - Use noble gas and spdf notations to depict...Ch. 7 - The lanthanides, once called the rare earth...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9PSCh. 7 - Prob. 10PSCh. 7 - What is the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 7 - What is the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 7 - Depict the electron configuration for magnesium...Ch. 7 - Depict the electron configuration for phosphorus...Ch. 7 - Using an orbital box diagram and noble gas...Ch. 7 - Using an orbital box diagram and noble gas...Ch. 7 - Prob. 17PSCh. 7 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19PSCh. 7 - Prob. 20PSCh. 7 - Using orbital box diagrams, depict an electron...Ch. 7 - Prob. 22PSCh. 7 - Prob. 23PSCh. 7 - Using orbital box diagrams and noble gas notation,...Ch. 7 - Manganese is found as MnO2 in deep ocean deposits....Ch. 7 - One compound found in alkaline batteries is NiOOH,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 27PSCh. 7 - Arrange the following elements in order of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29PSCh. 7 - Prob. 30PSCh. 7 - Which of the following groups of elements is...Ch. 7 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 7 - Compare the elements Na, Mg, O, and P. (a) Which...Ch. 7 - Compare the elements B. Al, C, and Si. (a) Which...Ch. 7 - Explain each answer briefly. (a) Place the...Ch. 7 - Explain each answer briefly. (a) Rank the...Ch. 7 - Identify the element that corresponds to each of...Ch. 7 - Identify the element that corresponds to each of...Ch. 7 - Explain why the photoelectron spectra of hydrogen...Ch. 7 - Sketch the major features (number of peaks and...Ch. 7 - These questions are not designated as to type or...Ch. 7 - The deep blue color of sapphires comes from the...Ch. 7 - Using an orbital box diagram and noble gas...Ch. 7 - Prob. 44GQCh. 7 - Prob. 45GQCh. 7 - Prob. 46GQCh. 7 - Which of the following is not an allowable set of...Ch. 7 - A possible excited state for the H atom has an...Ch. 7 - The magnet in the following photo is made from...Ch. 7 - Name the element corresponding to each...Ch. 7 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 7 - Prob. 52GQCh. 7 - Answer the questions below about the elements A...Ch. 7 - Answer (he following questions about the elements...Ch. 7 - Which of the following ions are unlikely to be...Ch. 7 - Prob. 56GQCh. 7 - Answer each of the following questions: (a) Of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 58GQCh. 7 - Prob. 59GQCh. 7 - Two elements in the second transition series (Y...Ch. 7 - Prob. 61GQCh. 7 - The configuration of an element is given here. (a)...Ch. 7 - Answer the questions below about the elements A...Ch. 7 - Answer the questions below concerning ground state...Ch. 7 - Nickel(II) formate [Ni(HCO2)2] is widely used as a...Ch. 7 - Spinets are solids with the general formula M2+...Ch. 7 - The following questions use concepts from this and...Ch. 7 - Which ions in the following list are not likely to...Ch. 7 - Answer the following questions about first...Ch. 7 - The ionization of the hydrogen atom can be...Ch. 7 - Compare the configurations below with two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 72SCQCh. 7 - Write electron configurations to show the first...Ch. 7 - Prob. 74SCQCh. 7 - (a) Explain why the sizes of atoms change when...Ch. 7 - Which of the following elements has the greatest...Ch. 7 - Prob. 77SCQCh. 7 - Prob. 78SCQCh. 7 - The energies of the orbitals in many elements have...Ch. 7 - The ionization energies for the removal of the...Ch. 7 - Using your knowledge of the trends in element...Ch. 7 - Prob. 82SCQCh. 7 - Prob. 83SCQCh. 7 - Prob. 84SCQCh. 7 - Thionyl chloride. SOCl2, is an important...Ch. 7 - Prob. 86SCQCh. 7 - Slaters rules are a way to estimate the effective...
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