Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation:
The electron configuration of Cerium and
Concept Introduction:
Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons (e-) of an given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbital’s.
Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.
Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.
Pauli exclusion rule: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.
a)
Answer to Problem 44GQ
Statement (a): The
Statement (b): The atomic number of Holmium (Ho) (Z=67) electronic configuration of Holmium (Ho) =
To determine: The orbital notation method, noble gas configuration methods and should be explained given the cerium (Ce), Holmium (Ho) elements and its (Ce3+), (Ho3+) ions.
Explanation of Solution
- Electronic configuration for Cerium (Ce) system:
Hence, the electron configuration of cerium is
- Electronic configuration for Cerium (Ce3+) system:
When Cerium (Ce) was oxidized into (Ce3+) ions, it loses three electrons from outermost (5d, 6s) shells. Than this orbital filling method are shown below.
Hence, the electron configuration of cerium is
b)
Interpretation:
The electron configuration of Holmium and
Concept Introduction:
Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons (e-) of an given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbital’s.
Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.
Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.
Pauli exclusion rule: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.
b)
Explanation of Solution
- The electron configuration of Cerium:
The Holmium (Ho) has 13 electrons in outermost shells the 11 electrons in (4f) shells, two electron in (6s) orbitals, the electrons filling method presented below.
Hence, the electron configuration of Holmium is
- The electron configuration of Ce3+:
When Holmium (Ho) was oxidized into (Ho3+) ions, it loses for three electrons from outermost (4f and 6s) shells. Than this orbital filling method are shown below.
Hence, the electron configuration of Holmium (III) is
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