
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The empirical formula the compound with percentage composition of
Concept Introduction:
Empirical Formula:
The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound. It can be the same as the compound’s molecular formula but not always. An empirical formula can be calculated from information about the mass of each element in a compound or from the percentage composition.
The steps for determining the empirical formula of a compound as follows:
- Obtain the mass of each element present in grams.
- Determine the number of moles of each atom present.
- Divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles.
- Convert the numbers to whole numbers. The set of whole numbers are the subscripts in the empirical formula.
(a)

Answer to Problem 35PE
The empirical formula of the compound is
Explanation of Solution
Given,
The percentage composition of nitrogen is
The percentage composition of oxygen is
The
The atomic mass of oxygen is
Assuming that
The grams of each element has to be converted to moles as,
The moles of nitrogen
The moles of oxygen
The empirical formula can be calculated as,
The number of moles can be converted to moles to whole numbers by dividing by the small number.
The empirical formula of the compound is
(b)
Interpretation:
The empirical formula the compound with percentage composition of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)

Answer to Problem 35PE
The empirical formula of the compound is
Explanation of Solution
Given,
The percentage composition of nitrogen is
The percentage composition of oxygen is
The atomic mass of nitrogen is
The atomic mass of oxygen is
Assuming that
The grams of each element has to be converted to moles as,
The moles of nitrogen
The moles of oxygen
The empirical formula can be calculated as,
The number of moles can be converted to moles to whole numbers by dividing by the small number.
The empirical formula of the compound is
(c)
Interpretation:
The empirical formula the compound with percentage composition of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)

Answer to Problem 35PE
The empirical formula is
Explanation of Solution
Given,
The percentage composition of nitrogen is
The percentage composition of oxygen is
The atomic mass of nitrogen is
The atomic mass of oxygen is
Assuming that
The grams of each element has to be converted to moles as,
The moles of nitrogen
The moles of oxygen
The empirical formula can be calculated as,
The number of moles can be converted to moles to whole numbers by dividing by the small number.
Since the value is not a whole number multiply each by two. The empirical formula is
(d)
Interpretation:
The empirical formula the compound with percentage composition of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)

Answer to Problem 35PE
The empirical formula is
Explanation of Solution
Given,
The percentage composition of sodium is
The percentage composition of oxygen is
The percentage composition of carbon is
The atomic mass of sodium is
The atomic mass of oxygen is
The atomic mass of carbon is
Assuming that
The grams of each element has to be converted to moles as,
The moles of sodium
The moles of oxygen
The moles of carbon
The empirical formula can be calculated as,
The number of moles can be converted to moles to whole numbers by dividing by the small number.
The empirical formula is
(e)
Interpretation:
The empirical formula the compound with percentage composition of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(e)

Answer to Problem 35PE
The empirical formula is
Explanation of Solution
Given,
The percentage composition of sodium is
The percentage composition of oxygen is
The percentage composition of chlorine is
The atomic mass of sodium is
The atomic mass of oxygen is
The atomic mass of chlorine is
Assuming that
The grams of each element has to be converted to moles as,
The moles of sodium
The moles of oxygen
The moles of chlorine
The empirical formula can be calculated as,
The number of moles can be converted to moles to whole numbers by dividing by the small number.
The empirical formula is
(f)
Interpretation:
The empirical formula the compound with percentage composition of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(f)

Answer to Problem 35PE
The empirical formula is
Explanation of Solution
Given,
The percentage composition of manganese is
The percentage composition of oxygen is
The atomic mass of manganese is
The atomic mass of oxygen is
Assuming that
The grams of each element has to be converted to moles as,
The moles of manganese
The moles of oxygen
The empirical formula can be calculated as,
The number of moles can be converted to moles to whole numbers by dividing by the small number.
Since the value is not a whole number multiply each by three. The empirical formula is
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