Laboratory Experiments for Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134566207
Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus, John H. Nelson, Kenneth C. Kemp
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 23E
Estimate the As-I bond length from the data in Figure 7.70 and compare your value to the experimental As-I bond length in arsenic triiodide, AsI3, 2.55 A.
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Estimate the As¬I bond length from the data in Figure 7.7and compare your value to the experimental As¬I bondlength in arsenic triiodide, AsI3, 2.55 Å.
Using Figure 7.7, predict which is longer, the P ¬ Br bond in PBr3 or the As ¬ Cl bond in AsCl3
5. Rationalize the difference in the atomic and ionic radii of the following species:
a) Se (117 pm) and Se²- (198 pm)
b) K (231 pm) and K+ (133 pm)
Chapter 7 Solutions
Laboratory Experiments for Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)
Ch. 7.3 - Hypothetical elements X and Y form a molecule XY2,...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7.1.2PECh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.2.1PECh. 7.3 -
Arrange Be, C, K, and Ca in order of increasing...Ch. 7.3 - Arrange the following atoms and ions in order of...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7.3.2PECh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.4.1PECh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.4.2PECh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.1PECh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.2PE
Ch. 7.4 - Consider the following statements about first...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7.6.2PECh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.7.1PECh. 7.4 -
Write the electron configurations for (a) Ga3+...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 7.8.1PECh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.8.2PECh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.9.1PECh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.9.2PECh. 7.7 - Prob. 7.10.1PECh. 7.7 - Prob. 7.10.2PECh. 7 - Prob. 1DECh. 7 - Prob. 1ECh. 7 -
7.2 Which of these spheres represents F, which...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3ECh. 7 - Prob. 4ECh. 7 - Prob. 5ECh. 7 - Prob. 6ECh. 7 - Prob. 7ECh. 7 - Prob. 8ECh. 7 - Prob. 9ECh. 7 - Prob. 10ECh. 7 - Prob. 11ECh. 7 -
7.12 Moseley's experiments on X rays emitted from...Ch. 7 - Among elements 1-18, which element or elements...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14ECh. 7 - Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff...Ch. 7 - Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff...Ch. 7 - Which will experience the greater effective...Ch. 7 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19ECh. 7 - Prob. 20ECh. 7 - Tungsten has the highest melting point of any...Ch. 7 - Prob. 22ECh. 7 - Estimate the As-I bond length from the data in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 24ECh. 7 - Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of...Ch. 7 - Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 27ECh. 7 - Prob. 28ECh. 7 - Which neutral atom is isoelectronic with each of...Ch. 7 - Some ions do not have a corresponding neutral atom...Ch. 7 - Consider the isoelectronic ions F- and Na+. (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 32ECh. 7 - Prob. 33ECh. 7 - Arrange each of the following sets of atoms and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 35ECh. 7 - In the ionic compoundsLiF,NaCI,KBr, andRbl, the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 37ECh. 7 -
7.38 Write equations that show the process for...Ch. 7 - Prob. 39ECh. 7 - Prob. 40ECh. 7 - Prob. 41ECh. 7 - (a) What is the trend in first ionization energies...Ch. 7 - Prob. 43ECh. 7 - Prob. 44ECh. 7 - Prob. 45ECh. 7 - Prob. 46ECh. 7 - Prob. 47ECh. 7 - Prob. 48ECh. 7 - Write an equation for the second electron affinity...Ch. 7 - If the electron affinity for an element is a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 51ECh. 7 -
7.52 What is the relationship between the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 53ECh. 7 - Consider the following equation: Ca + (g) + e-...Ch. 7 -
7.55(a) Does metallic character increase,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 56ECh. 7 - Prob. 57ECh. 7 - Prob. 58ECh. 7 - Predict whether each of the following oxides is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60ECh. 7 - Would you expect manganese(II) oxide, MnO, react...Ch. 7 - Prob. 62ECh. 7 - Prob. 63ECh. 7 - An element X reacts with oxygen to form X02 and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 65ECh. 7 - Prob. 66ECh. 7 - Prob. 67ECh. 7 - Prob. 68ECh. 7 - Prob. 69ECh. 7 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction that...Ch. 7 - (a) As described in Section 7.7 , the alkali...Ch. 7 - Prob. 72ECh. 7 - Prob. 73ECh. 7 - Prob. 74ECh. 7 - Prob. 75ECh. 7 - Prob. 76ECh. 7 - Prob. 77ECh. 7 - Prob. 78ECh. 7 - Consider the stable elements through lead (Z =...Ch. 7 -
17.80]Figure 7.4 shows the radial probability...Ch. 7 - (a) If the core electrons were totally effective...Ch. 7 - Prob. 82AECh. 7 - Prob. 83AECh. 7 - Prob. 84AECh. 7 - Prob. 85AECh. 7 - The following observations are made about two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 87AECh. 7 - Prob. 88AECh. 7 - Prob. 89AECh. 7 - Prob. 90AECh. 7 - Explain the variation in the ionization energies...Ch. 7 - Prob. 92AECh. 7 - Prob. 93AECh. 7 - Prob. 94AECh. 7 - Prob. 95AECh. 7 - Prob. 96AECh. 7 - Prob. 97AECh. 7 - The electron affinities. in kJ/mol, for the group...Ch. 7 -
7.99 Hydrogen is an unusual element because it...Ch. 7 - Prob. 100AECh. 7 - Prob. 101AECh. 7 - Which of the following is the expected product of...Ch. 7 - Elemental cesium reacts more violently with water...Ch. 7 - Prob. 104AECh. 7 - Prob. 105AECh. 7 - Prob. 106AECh. 7 - Prob. 107AECh. 7 - Prob. 108AECh. 7 - Prob. 109IECh. 7 - Prob. 110IECh. 7 - Prob. 111IECh. 7 - Mercury in the environment can exist in oxidation...Ch. 7 - When magnesium metal is burned in air (Figure 3.6...Ch. 7 - Prob. 114IECh. 7 - Prob. 115IE
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- 2. Which one of each of the following pairs has the higher ionization energy? Explain in detail for each case. (a) Na or K (b) Ве or B (с) В or C (d) N or O F or Ne (f) Mg or Mg* Ne or Naarrow_forwardCobalt (Co) is a paramagnetic element. Explain what makes an element paramagnetic? Give the correct condensed form (i.e. [noble gas]) electron diagram (use symbols x,o for electrons (x=spin up; o= spin down; {e.g. S: [Ne] 3s: xo 3p: xo x x }) for Co (Z = 27).arrow_forwardThe gadolinium +3 ion (Gd3+) has advantageous magnetic properties for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) applications, specifically a high number of unpaired electrons. In fact, both neutral Gd and Gd3+ have a set of degenerate orbitals with seven unpaired electrons. a) Write the electron configuration for Gd and Gd3+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the +3 cation based on the above information. Explain your reasoning (2-3 sentences). b) Curium (Cm) is an actinide element named for Marie Curie. Cm is in the same group as Gd and also forms a +3 cation. Write the electron configuration for Cm and Cm3+. c) While +3 is the most common oxidation state for lanthanide elements, some can form +2 ions. Identify an isoelectronic ion to Gd3+ that has a +2 oxidation state and indicate which orbitals lose electrons to form that ion.arrow_forward
- Which of the following ions has the smallest radius? Choose... Choose... Al +3 -2 Which of the following atoms is isoelectronic species with S? Xe Kr 0-2 Ar +1 Which of the following atoms is isoelectronic species with Rb Choose... +2 Which of the following atoms is isoelectronic species with Ba ? Choose... Which of the following ions has the largest radius? Choose...arrow_forwardUse the periodic table to (i) predict electron configurations for the following species: Arsenic ion, As3– Magnesium ion, Mg2+ Vanadium(II) ion, V2+ (ii) Write the electron configurations of each species in the noble gas notation. (iii) Draw an orbital diagram to represent 1 c above. Draw the Lewis electron dot structures of the following chemical species. In each case you must say whether or not the central atom obeys the Octet Rule. CS2 and H2S CF4 and SiH4 NH2Cl CO32– and BF3 PCl5 ClF3, XeF2, Calculate the formal charge on the Sulphur atom in the Sulphate anion structure shown below(picture attatched) Give the electron-pair and molecular geometries for NF3 and XeF4.arrow_forward5.) Electron Configurations for Ions: Supply the ground state electron configurations for the following ions. You many use the short-hand notation (e.g. Na*: [He]2s 2p°). (a) N (b) Mg*. (c) O (d) Sc* (e) Sn2+ (f) Ar 6.) Formulas of Ions: Predict the formulas of the most stable ions of the following elements (a) Na (b) Mg (c) S (d) Al (e) Br (f) Parrow_forward
- Using Slater’s rules, calculate the Z* acting upon the first electron to be ionized from Al, Al1+ , Al2+ , and Al3+ , respectively. Discuss your results relative to the expected ionization energies for these species.arrow_forwardRank the following in increasing order of ionization energy by numbering them in order from 1 through 6, with 1 having the lowest ionization energy and 6 having the highest ionization energy. Se Cr K Br Са Krarrow_forwardCalculate the overall energy change in kJ/mol for the formation of the hypothetical compound MX2 from its elements (M(s) +X2(g) --> MX2(s) ) where M is some pretend alkaline earth metal and X is some pretend halogen. Electron affinity for X(g) = -395 kJ/mol First ionization energy of M(g) = 769 kJ/mol Second ionization energy of M(g) = 1480 kJ/mol Heat of sublimation for M(s) = 35 kJ/mol Bond dissociation energy for X2(g) = 258 kJ/mol Lattice energy for MX2 = -2670 kJ/molarrow_forward
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