Concept explainers
What are three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria?
To review:
The three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria.
Introduction:
Mitochondria and chloroplast are two different cell organelles. Mitochondria functions in the production of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and the function of the chloroplast is to convert solar light energy into sugar.
Explanation of Solution
Mitochondria and chloroplast are the eukaryotic organelles, which are similar to the bacterial cell.
Similar to the bacterial genome, the mitochondria and chloroplast contain their own genetic material. The genetic material is in the form of small, circular chromosomes. The extra chromosomal material, that is, the plasmid, is also present in the mitochondria and chloroplast, similar to the bacteria. Since these organelles possess their own genetic material, they synthesize their own protein.
The mitochondria and chloroplast produce their own ribosomes. The protein production pattern in these organelles is also similar to that in bacteria. It starts with the N-formylmethionine amino acid.
The mitochondria and chloroplast make their own copies by the process of binary fission, which is same as the bacterial cell division. Mitochondria and chloroplast also divide and give rise to identical organelles like bacteria.
These attributes of the mitochondria and chloroplast suggest that these organelles were once free-living bacteria.
The three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria are that they both produce their own ribosomes as well as small, circular chromosomes, and they both divide independently by binary fission like bacteria.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Modified Mastering Biology With Pearson Etext -- Standalone Access Card -- For Biological Science (7th Edition)
- According to the endosymbiotic theory, why did the primitive eukaryotic cell fail to digest the non-photosynthetic prokaryote that later became an energy-producing organelle? Because the engulfed cell provided the host cell with carbon dioxide. Because the host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive. Because the engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose. Because the engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).arrow_forwardWhat is the endosymbiotic hypothesis about the origin of mitochondria? What are the molecular facts that support the hypothesis? To which other cellular organelles can the hypothesis also be applied?arrow_forwardHow is the finding of ribosomes inside mitochondria and chloroplasts explained?arrow_forward
- Name three facts that show that mitochondria have bacterial origins.arrow_forwardBased on the presence of mitochondria and chloroplast within eukaryotic cells, what organelle do you think originated within eukaryotic cells first: mitochondria or chloroplast? Why?arrow_forwardDo prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?arrow_forward
- All eukaryotes contain A) a membrane-enclosed nucleus. B) mitochondria. C) hydrogenosomes. D) a nucleus, mitochondria, and hydrogenosomes.arrow_forwardWhich is true of Prokaryote cells? A) Because their DNA exists in a nucleoid area, the synthesis of proteins depends on random interactions between mRNA and rRNA, B) They contain membrane-bounded compartments or organelles. C) A true nucleus contains the DNA in the form of chromosomes D) Some contain mitochondria E) They contain many organelles in the cytoplasmarrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic theory pertains to which organelle within eukaryotes because of the presence of 70S ribosomes, circular DNA, and the replication of this organelle independent from mitosis? O 1) nucleus O 2) lysosomes. O 3) golgi 4) endoplasmic reticulum 5: O 5) mitochondriaarrow_forward
- In prokaryotes that carry out aerobic respiration, the ________ serves the same purpose as the inner mitochondrial membrane and the ________ serves the same purpose as the mitochondrial matrix. A) ribosomes; plasma membrane B) cytoplasm; plasma membrane C) cytoplasm; cell wall D) cytoplasm; nucleoid E) plasma membrane; cytoplasmarrow_forwardThe Prokaryotes are associated with the following structures EXCEPT: A) ribosomes, B) Lysosomes and liposomes, C) a nucleoid area, D) mesosomes, E) chlorophyll.arrow_forwardWhich is not true of Eukaryotic cells? A) A true nucleus contains DNA in the form of chromosomes B) Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded compartments or organelles C) Their Dna employs a nucleoid area to produce proteins D) Thye all contain mitochondria E) They contain specialized organelles in the cytoplasm Explain whyarrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education