Biology Now (Second Edition)
Biology Now (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393631807
Author: Anne Houtman, Megan Scudellari, Cindy Malone
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 7, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction

Each species contains a particular number of chromosomes, for example, 46 chromosomes are present in the human genome. Chromosomes contain genes, which are the basic unit of heredity and genetic information. Genes carry genetic information from one generation to another.

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Answer to Problem 1TQ

Biology Now (Second Edition), Chapter 7, Problem 1TQ

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  • The genotype is known as the genetic makeup of an individual. A pair of different version of a gene is called alleles and this determine a specific trait or phenotype in an individual.
  • The phenotype is known as the physical expression of the genetic makeup of an individual. The expression of the gene or allele results in phenotype of a particular individual.
  • Alleles are different versions of a gene. If the genotype contains two different alleles of a gene, it is known as heterozygous for that particular gene.
  • If the genotype contains two copies of the same allele (two similar alleles of a gene), it is known as homozygous for that particular gene.
  • The allele can be dominant or recessive. The dominant allele generally produces a dominant phenotype in an organism and masks the physical expression of the second allele (recessive allele). If an allele prevents the other allele from affecting the trait or phenotype, it is known as a dominant allele.
  • The recessive allele generally does not produce any effect or physical expression, when it is paired with the dominant allele.

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