How willingness to pay , consumer surplus , and demand curve are related.
Explanation of Solution
The consumer surplus is the difference between the maximum willing to pay price by the consumer and the actual paying price of the consumer. The maximum willing to pay price is the price that the consumer gives to the commodity. When the consumer values the good most, he will be ready to pay the highest willing to pay price and vice versa. Thus, the willingness to pay, the consumer surplus, and the demand curve are closely related with each other.
The peak point of the demand curve is the maximum willing to pay price by the consumer and thus, the height of the demand curve represents the maximum willingness to pay price of the consumer for the commodity. The area below this price and above the actual paying price represents the consumer surplus of the economy, which is equal to the price that the consumer is willing to pay minus the price actually paid. In this way, the consumer surplus, willingness to pay, and the demand curve are closely related.
Concept introduction:
Consumer surplus: It is the difference between the highest willing to pay price of the consumer and the actual price that the consumer pays.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Principles of Economics, 7th Edition (MindTap Course List)
- Don't used Ai solutionarrow_forward"Whether the regulator sells or gives away tradeable emission permits free of charge, the quantities of emissions produced by firms are the same." Assume that there are n identical profit-maximising firms where profit for each firm is given by π(e) with л'(e) > 0; π"(e) < 0 and e denotes emissions. Individual emissions summed over all firms gives E which generates environmental damages D(E). Show that the regulator achieves the optimal level of total pollution through a tradeable emission permit scheme, where the permits are distributed according to the following cases: Case (i) the firm purchases all permits; Case (ii) the firm receives all permits free; and Page 3 of 5 ES30031 Case (iii) the firm purchases a portion of its permits and receives the remainder free of charge.arrow_forwardcompare and/or contrast the two plays we've been reading, Antigone and A Doll's House.arrow_forward
- Please answer step by steparrow_forwardSuppose there are two firms 1 and 2, whose abatement costs are given by c₁ (e₁) and C2 (е2), where e denotes emissions and subscripts denote the firm. We assume that c{(e) 0 for i = 1,2 and for any level of emission e we have c₁'(e) # c₂' (e). Furthermore, assume the two firms make different contributions towards pollution concentration in a nearby river captured by the transfer coefficients ε₁ and 2 such that for any level of emission e we have C₂'(e) # The regulator does not know the resulting C₁'(e) Τι environmental damages. Using an analytical approach explain carefully how the regulator may limit the concentration of pollution using (i) a Pigouvian tax scheme and (ii) uniform emissions standards. Discuss the cost-effectiveness of both approaches to control pollution.arrow_forwardBill’s father read that each year a car’s value declines by 10%. He also read that a new car’s value declines by 12% as it is driven off the dealer’s lot. Maintenance costs and the costs of “car problems” are only $200 per year during the 2-year warranty period. Then they jump to $750 per year, with an annual increase of $500 per year.Bill’s dad wants to keep his annual cost of car ownership low. The car he prefers cost $30,000 new, and he uses an interest rate of 8%. For this car, the new vehicle warranty is transferrable.(a) If he buys the car new, what is the minimum cost life? What is the minimum EUAC?(b) If he buys the car after it is 2 years old, what is the minimum cost life? What is the minimum EUAC?(c) If he buys the car after it is 4 years old, what is the minimum cost life? What is the minimum EUAC?(d) If he buys the car after it is 6 years old, what is the minimum cost life? What is the minimum EUAC?(e) What strategy do you recommend? Why? Please show each step and formula,…arrow_forward
- O’Leary Engineering Corp. has been depreciating a $50,000 machine for the last 3 years. The asset was just sold for 60% of its first cost. What is the size of the recaptured depreciation or loss at disposal using the following depreciation methods?(a) Straight-line with N = 8 and S = 2000(b) Double declining balance with N = 8(c) 40% bonus depreciation with the balance using 7-year MACRS Please show every step and formula, don't use excel. The answer should be (a) $2000 loss, (b) $8000 deo recap, (c) $14257 dep recap, thank you.arrow_forwardThe cost of garbage pickup in Green Gulch is $4,500,000 for Year 1. The population is increasing at 6%, the nominal cost per ton is increasing at 5%, and the general inflation rate is estimated at 4%.(a) Estimate the cost in Year 4 in Year-1 dollars and in nominal dollars.(b) Reference a data source for trends in volume of garbage per person. How does including this change your answer? Please show every step and formula, don't use excel. The answer should be $6.20M, $5.2M, thank you.arrow_forwardPlease show each step with formulas, don't use Excel. The answer should be 4 years, $16,861.arrow_forward
- Assume general inflation is 2.5% per year. What is the price tag in 8 years for an item that has an inflation rate of 4.5% that costs $700 today? Please show every step and formula, don't use excel. The answer should be $1203, thank you.arrow_forwardThe average cost of a certain model car was $22,000 ten years ago. This year the average cost is $35,000.(a) Calculate the average monthly inflation rate (fm) for this model.(b) Given the monthly rate fm, what is the effective annual rate, f, of inflation for this model?(c) Estimate what these will sell for 10 years from now, expressed in today’s dollars. Please show all steps and formulas, don't use excel. The answer should be (a) 0.3877%, (b) 4.753%, (c) $55,682arrow_forwardA mining corporation purchased $120,000 of production machinery and depreciated it using 40% bonus depreciation with the balance using 5-year MACRS depreciation, a 5-year depreciable life, and zero salvage value. The corporation is a profitable one that has a 22% combined incremental tax rate. At the end of 5 years the mining company changed its method of operation and sold the production machinery for $40,000. During the 5 years the machinery was used, it reduced mine operation costs by $32,000 a year before taxes. If the company MARR is 12% after taxes, was the investment in the machinery a satisfactory one? Please show every step with formulas and don't use excel. The answer should be 14.8%, thank you.arrow_forward
- Economics Today and Tomorrow, Student EditionEconomicsISBN:9780078747663Author:McGraw-HillPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoEconomics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337617383Author:Roger A. ArnoldPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Microeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...EconomicsISBN:9781305506893Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage LearningMacroeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...EconomicsISBN:9781305506756Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage Learning