Chapter 7, Problem 1MCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given reaction is exothermic or endothermic has to be identified.

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

From the given equation, it is understood that heat energy is absorbed.  Therefore, this is an endothermic reaction.  Heat is absorbed form the surroundings.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Sign of enthalpy of the given reaction has to be identified.

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

The reaction given is found to be an endothermic reaction.  This means the enthalpy of reactants will be more than that of product.  Therefore, enthalpy of the reaction will be positive.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Meaning and significance of enthalpy has to be given.

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

The reaction given is found to be an endothermic reaction.  This means the enthalpy of reactants will be more than that of product.  Therefore, enthalpy of the reaction will be positive.  Enthalpy is the term that is used to represent heat.  The sign of enthalpy gives information that the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Sign of entropy of the given reaction has to be identified.

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder in a system.  Physical state of the reactant is solid while the product contains gas.  Therefore, the randomness or disorder is increased.  Value of entropy will be positive.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Meaning and significance of entropy has to be given.

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder in a system.  Physical state of the reactant is solid while the product contains gas.  Therefore, the randomness or disorder is increased.  Value of entropy will be positive.  Endothermic reaction produce products that have lower entropy.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction given will be spontaneous or nonspontaneous has to be identified.

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

It is known that change in enthalpy and entropy for the reaction will be positive.  From the observation as the given reaction is endothermic, a little amount of energy is required as an input to initiate the reaction.  Therefore, the given reaction is nonspontaneous.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reaction will be slow or fast if the rate constant of the reaction is small has to be predicted.

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Larger rate constant value means the reaction will be relatively fast.  This is because the concentration of the reactant will be more and there will be increased collision.  As the rate constant given for the reaction is small, the reaction will be slow one.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

One strategy for increasing the rate of the reaction has to be given.

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

    $\text{Energy}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}(s)\rightleftharpoons CaO(s)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

Given reaction is an endothermic reaction.  One strategy to increase the rate of the reaction is to increase the temperature.  This is because; endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings.