Essentials of Geology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Geology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134609966
Author: Frederick K. Lutgens, Edward J. Tarbuck, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 7, Problem 1GST
To determine
To develop: A geologic life history of a sedimentary rock.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1GST
Erosion or weathering, transportation, and deposition are the three geologic processes that control the formation of a sedimentary rock.
Explanation of Solution
A huge mass of igneous rock is exposed to the surface of the Earth as a result of upliftment. The uplifted rock fragmented into smaller particles due to weathering. The silicate minerals present in the rock will convert the ferromagnesian minerals into clays and dissolved silica and they are transported downstream.
The rocks, which are enriched in quartz minerals, will release quartz grains as a result of chemical weathering and they are carried downstream. The mechanical weathering processes, such as frost wedging and sheeting, also act to increase the surface area of the rock for further weathering.
If the deposition of materials that constitute the parent rock occurs close to its source, then there is a possibility to find the arkose sandstone, which is composed of feldspathic grains and quartz in a cemented matrix. If the materials are deposited far from its source, then the quartz sandstone that is composed of rounded, weathered, sorted grains of quartz cemented with silica or iron oxide can be identified.
Depending on the environment of deposition of sand grains, the characteristics of sandstone will vary. The method and medium by which the rock is transported can be determined with the help of cross-bedding and ripple marks present on the rock. In a far distant from the source, there is a possibility for the occurrence of shale and mudstones, which are composed of lithified clay that formed during the initial stages of chemical weathering.
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Retreating
glacier
Bedrock
Till
Stratified
drift
▲ Figure 9.7 This diagram showing common depositional landforms depicts a hypothetical area affected by ice
sheets in the recent geologic past. (Drumlin photo courtesy of Ward's Natural Science Establishment; esker photo by Richard P. Jacobs/
JLM Visuals; kame photo by John Dankwardt; kettle lake photo by Carlyn Iverson/Science Source)
Figure 9.9 is a stereogram showing a portion of the area covered by the Whitewater, Wisconsin, topographic map (Figure 9.10, page 160). Use the stereogram and the map to complete the following.
7. The streamlined, asymmetrical hills composed of till, labeled B, are what type of feature?
8. Examine the shape of the features labeled B on the map in Figure 9.10. How can these features be used to determine the direction of ice flow in a glaciated area?
9. Using the features labeled B in Figure 9.10 as a guide, draw an arrow on the map to indicate the direction of ice movement that occurred in this region.
10. What is the likely location of the outwash plain on the map? Identify and label the area "outwash plain." (Hint: Refer to Figure 9.7.)
11. Label the area covered by ground moraine.
12. What term is applied to the numerous almost circular depressions designated with the letter C?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Essentials of Geology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Geology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (13th Edition)
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 4CCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 5CCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 4CCCh. 7.8 - Prob. 5CCCh. 7.9 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.9 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7 - Prob. 1GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 2GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 3GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 4GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 5GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 6GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 7GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 8GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 9GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 10GSTCh. 7 - Prob. 11GST
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