Earth Science (15th Edition)
Earth Science (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134543536
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
Question
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Chapter 7, Problem 1GST

a)

To determine

The type of dip-slip fault shown in Diagram 1 and the dominant force during faulting.

a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1GST

Diagram 1 is showing a reverse fault and compressional stress is the dominant force during the faulting.

Explanation of Solution

“A fault is a fracture or a zone of displacement of rock masses relative to one another along a fracture. The rock above a fault plane is the hanging wall block and the rock below the fault is the footwall block.”

Diagram 1 is a reverse fault. A reverse fault occurs when the hanging wall block is uplifted along the fault surface with respect to the footwall; the responsible stress factor is compressional stress which creates folds along colliding plates. It may result in the horizontal shortening of crustal rock blocks.

b)

To determine

The type of dip-slip fault shown in Diagram 2 and the dominant force during faulting.

b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1GST

Diagram 2 shows a normal fault and tensional stress is the dominant force during the faulting.

Explanation of Solution

“A fault is a fracture or a zone of displacement of rock masses relative to one another along a fracture. The rock above a fault plane is the hanging wall block and the rock below the fault is the footwall block.”

Diagram 2 is a normal fault. A normal fault occurs when the hanging wall block slips down along the fault surface with respect to the foot wall; tensional stress is the factor responsible for causing the formation of a normal fault. This stress pulls the rock masses apart and breaks them to cause a normal fault.

c)

To determine

The match of a correct pair of arrows in Diagram 3 to the faults in Diagrams 1and 2.

c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1GST

Pair “a” represents Diagram 1 and pair “b” represents Diagram 2.

Explanation of Solution

“A fault is a fracture or a zone of displacement of rock masses relative to one another along a fracture. The rock above a fault plane is the hanging wall block and the rock below the fault is the footwall block.”

The matching pair of arrows with Diagram 1 is pair “a”; a reverse fault.

The matching pair of arrows with Diagram 2 is pair “b”; a normal fault.

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