Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134169804
Author: Cindy L. Stanfield
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 1E
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Depolarization is the state in which the sodium ion channels are opened to make the membrane potential positive. During depolarization, the action potential is stimulated. When the depolarization reaches the threshold potential, the signals are transmitted.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1E

Solution:

The correct answer is option (e) all of the above.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

  1. Option (a) is opening of sodium channels. During depolarization, the sodium channels are opened so that the sodium ions can rush inside the cell and make the membrane potential positive. When the membrane potential reaches the threshold potential then the action potential is initiated.
  2. Option (b) has delayed the closing of sodium ion channels. During depolarization, the sodium ions need to rush inside the cell to make the membrane potential positive. If the sodium ion channels are closed early, then the membrane potential will not reach the threshold potential and the action potential will not initiate. So, it is necessary to delay the closing of sodium ion channels.
  3. Option (c) has delayed the opening of potassium channels. If potassium ion channels are open, then the potassium ions will move out of the cell making the membrane potential negative. This will make the cell polarized instead of depolarized. So, this option is correct.
  4. Option (d) is both a and c are correct. From the above options, a and c are correct. So, this option is correct.
  5. Option (e) is all the above are correct. All the above options are correct in the given question. So, this is the final correct answer.
Conclusion

The correct option is (e) all the above are correct.

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)

Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7.3.2QCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.3.3QCCh. 7.4 - During the depolarization of an action potential,...Ch. 7.4 - Compare the gating mechanisms of the voltage-gated...Ch. 7.4 - During which phase of an action potential are the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.1QCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.2QCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.3QCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1aCTQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2aCTQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 3aCTQCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.6.1QCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.6.2QCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.6.3QCCh. 7 - Prob. 1ECh. 7 - Neurotransmitters are released most commonly from...Ch. 7 - If a cation is equally distributed across the cell...Ch. 7 - The depolarization phase of an action potential...Ch. 7 - During the relative refractory period, a second...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6ECh. 7 - If the membrane potential of a neuron becomes more...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8ECh. 7 - Prob. 9ECh. 7 - Prob. 10ECh. 7 - Prob. 11ECh. 7 - Prob. 12ECh. 7 - Prob. 13ECh. 7 - Prob. 14ECh. 7 - Which Of the following statements about graded...Ch. 7 - What are the subdivisions of the peripheral...Ch. 7 - Information from the periphery is brought to the...Ch. 7 - Which cell type is more abundant in the nervous...Ch. 7 - Voltage-gated calcium channels are located in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 20ECh. 7 - Prob. 21ECh. 7 - Prob. 22ECh. 7 - Prob. 23ECh. 7 - Prob. 24ECh. 7 - The electrochemical force for potassium ions when...Ch. 7 - Both sodium and potassium channels have...Ch. 7 - Prob. 27ECh. 7 - In myelinated axons, action potentials are...Ch. 7 - The Na+ Ka+ pump causes the repolarization phase...Ch. 7 - When a neuron is at the peak of an action...Ch. 7 - Prob. 31ECh. 7 - Prob. 32ECh. 7 - Prob. 33ECh. 7 - Prob. 34ECh. 7 - Prob. 35ECh. 7 - Muscle cells, like neurons, are excitable cells...Ch. 7 - Prob. 37ECh. 7 - Prob. 38ECh. 7 - Predict what would happen to the resting...
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