
Introduction
Early researchers tried to make a connection between body type and potential criminality. Modern research suggests that some genetic differences combined with abuse suffered as a young child may predict criminal behavior. Research also examines brain structure abnormalities as they relate to antisocial or other criminal behavior.

Explanation of Solution
Answer and explanation
Biological research has attempted to link physiology and criminal behavior for over a century. The early study of phrenology, where experts believed that the shape of one's skull predicted their personality type and, by extension, their behaviors, is an example of this. These early studies linked body shape with increased criminality, but modern studies have contradicted this conclusion. Some modern research has linked a genetic increase in certain enzymes and early childhood abuse together as increasing the likelihood of criminal behavior. Neither factor on its own shows an causal relationship. This approach has shown that there is no simple answer for why some people exhibit more criminal behavior than others.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
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