Concept explainers
Complete this summary map of photosynthesis.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
To complete: The connect map to summarize the major steps in photosynthesis.
Concept introduction: Photosynthesis is a vital process in primary producers, plants. Plants use light energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and produce sugars that are stored in various parts of the plants. The most edible ones are consumed by the primary consumers. Several compounds are converted and recycled in the process of photosynthesis. Several reactions of photosynthesis take place in the chloroplast of the plant cell, which contains the green pigment chlorophyll.
Answer to Problem 1CC
The Fig.1 shows all the key processes in photosynthesis.
Pictorial representation:
The Fig. 1shows the summary of all the processes involved in photosynthesis.
Fig 1: Summary of various steps in photosynthesis.
Explanation of Solution
(a)
Correct answer: Light energy
In the process of photosynthesis, photons from light energy are converted into chemical energy. In the visible spectrum of light, the red and blue wavelengths are used to initiate the reactions of photosynthesis. The light energy is used up to break the water molecule by the process called photolysis of water, which is the first step in photosynthesis.
Hence, the correct answer is light energy.
(b)
Correct answer: Light reactions
Photosynthesis includes two reactions, namely, light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Light reactions are those that are dependent on the incident light energy on the chloroplast. Light reactions include two sub steps. One reaction is the photolysis of water where light energy is used up to break the water molecules to produce an oxygen molecule and protons. The second reaction is where these protons and the energy released during photolysis of water are used up to excite the electrons in the chlorophyll.
Hence, the correct answer is light reactions.
(c)
Correct answer: Calvin cycle
The CBB (Calvin–Benson–Bassham) cycle or Calvin’s cycle is a series of reactions that take place in the stroma of the chloroplast. The Calvin’s cycle is a light-independent reaction, which is also known as the dark reaction. In the Calvin’s cycle, the atmospheric carbondioxide is fixed with ribulose1, 5-bisphosphate to produce two 3-carbon compounds. One of the two 3-carbon compounds is reduced to form another sugar.
Hence, the correct answer is the Calvin cycle
(d)
Correct answer: Oxygen released
During one of the light reactions, that is, photolysis of water, the light energy is used up to break two molecules of water to produce one molecule of oxygen, 4 electrons, and 4 protons (H+). The oxygen molecule then escapes the chloroplast and is released into the atmosphere.
Hence, the correct answer is oxygen released
(e)
Correct answer: Electrontransportchain(ETC)
During the second light reaction of photosynthesis, the electrons released from photolysis of water are passed on through the photosystem II and photosystem I and are then sent to the electron transport chain. In the electron transport chain, the protons released during photolysis of water are used by F0-F1 ATP synthase to produce ATP.
Hence, the correct answer is the electron transport chain (ETC)
(f)
Correct answer: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)
During the second light reaction of photosynthesis, the electrons released from photolysis of water are passed on through the photosystem II and photosystem I, which at the end of photosystem II reduce NAD+ to NADPH. This NADPH is then used up during the hexose monophosphate pathway to produce several sugars, and it is also used during the Calvin’s cycle to produce sugars.
Hence, the correct answer is NADPH
(g)
Correct answer: ATP
The electrons released from photolysis of water are passed on through the photosystem II and then from the photosystem to the electron transport chain. In the electron transport chain, the protons released during photolysis of water are used by F0-F1 ATP synthase present on the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast to produce ATP. This ATP is used up along with NADPH to produce several sugars in the Calvin’s cycle.
Hence, the correct answer is ATP
(h)
Correct answer: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)(sugar)
During the Calvin’s cycle, the NADPH and ATP produced during the light reactions and F0-F1 ATP synthase, respectively, are used up to reduce ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate to produce two molecules of G3P. For every 3 molecules of carbondioxide entering the Calvin’s cycle, one G3P is produced. Few G3Ps are sent for the production of 6-carbon sugars and others are recycled back to produce ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
Hence, the correct answer is G3P (sugar)
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 7 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
- Case Study—Ella Ella has a family history of diabetes. She wants to follow a healthful eating pattern that can lower her risk for developing this condition. Her dietitian recommends a goal of 450 to 600 kcal per meal and advises Ella to follow the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which recommend limiting added sugar. She also recommends that Ella choose whole grains rather than processed grains. Ella decides to pack a lunch to take to work every day. This morning she’s making a sandwich for her lunch. Categories of Sandwich Options (Top of the screen) Breads Spreads Cheeses Vegetables Proteins Specific food items to select White Bread 6-inches Honey Mustard Provolone LettuceTomatoBell Peppers Turkey Part A - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for Total Kilocalories How many total kilocalories are in Ella’s sandwich exactl ______kcal ? Part B - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for…arrow_forwardIn humans, red-green color blindness is recessive and X-linked, whereas albinism is recessive and autosomal. What types of children can be produced as the result of marriage between two homozygous parents, a normal-vision albino woman and a color-blind, normal male?arrow_forwardIn Drosophila, an X linked recessive mutation, scalloped (sd), causes irregular wing margins. Diagram the F1 and F2 results if a (a) scalloped female is crossed with a normal male; (b) a scalloped male is crossed with a normal female (assume the female is homozygous). Compare these results to what you would find if the trait was not sex linked.arrow_forward
- Case Study—Ella Ella has a family history of diabetes. She wants to follow a healthful eating pattern that can lower her risk for developing this condition. Her dietitian recommends a goal of 450 to 600 kcal per meal and advises Ella to follow the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which recommend limiting added sugar. She also recommends that Ella choose whole grains rather than processed grains. Ella decides to pack a lunch to take to work every day. This morning she’s making a sandwich for her lunch. Categories of Sandwich Options (Top of the screen) Breads Spreads Cheeses Vegetables Proteins Specific food items to select White Bread 6-inches Honey Mustard Provolone LettuceTomatoBell Peppers Turkey Part A - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for Total Kilocalories How many total kilocalories are in Ella’s sandwich exactl ______kcal ? Part B - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for…arrow_forwardC MasteringHealth MasteringNu × session.healthandnutrition-mastering.pearson.com/myct/itemView?assignment ProblemID=17465255&attemptNo=1&offset=prevarrow_forwardBiopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics:Two-Compartment Model Instant Absorption Questions SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution, report your regression lines and axes names (with units if appropriate) :Calculate a-q a) B1, b) B2, c) hybrid rate constant (1) d) hybrid rate constant (2) e) t1/2,dist f) t1/2,elim g) k10 h) k12 i) k21 j) initial concentration (C0) k) central compartment volume (V1) l) steady-state volume (Vss) m) clearance (CL) AUC (0→10 min) using trapezoidal rule n) AUC (20→30 min) using trapezoidal rule o) AUCtail (AUC360→∞) p) total AUC (using short cut method) q) volume from AUC (VAUC)arrow_forwardGlitazones reduce insulin resistance by binding to a transcription factor in adipocytes, thereby reducing thesecretion of fatty acids. Glitazones are taken orally (in pill form). Using pharmacokinetic modeling, deriveequations to describe how the concentration of glitazones varies in the plasma as a function of time. Yourequations should be of the form: dCglitazone /dt = something, or dMglitazone /dt = something. Your model shouldinclude three compartments: the gut, the plasma, and the fatty tissues. Make sure to include a diagram thatillustrates your thinking, state all assumptions, and define your variables. Do not solve the equations.arrow_forwardCase Study—Ella Review the case study and then answer Parts A through F. Ella has a family history of diabetes. She wants to follow a healthful eating pattern that can lower her risk for developing this condition. Her dietitian recommends a goal of 450 to 600 kcal per meal and advises Ella to follow the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which recommend limiting added sugar. She also recommends that Ella choose whole grains rather than processed grains. Ella decides to pack a lunch to take to work every day. This morning she’s making a sandwich for her lunch. Categories of Sandwich Options (Top of the screen) Breads Spreads Cheeses Vegetables Proteins Specific food items to select White Bread 6-inches Honey Mustard Provolone LettuceTomatoBell Peppers Turkey Part A - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for Total Kilocalories How many total kilocalories are in Ella’s sandwich? _____…arrow_forward, if one of the archaeological specimens lacked the celiac disease-causing epitope, how could PCR be used to identify the allele in a contemporary germplasm collection of wild wheats, and to assist in transferring the allele to modern wheat varieties?arrow_forwardNow you will consider the composition of lipoproteins, including where they are synthesized, how they circulate, and where the various lipid and protein components are located within the lipoprotein molecule. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.arrow_forwardThe Oregon Wolfe Barley mapping population is unique in having 12 easily-scored morphological markers, each showing monogenic inheritance. Do you consider these markers useful? Briefly defend your answer, pointing out advantages and disadvantages of morphological vs. molecular markers.arrow_forwardBiopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics:Two-Compartment Model Instant Absorption Questions Calculate these : a) B1, b) B2, c) hybrid rate constant (1) d) hybrid rate constant (2) e) t1/2,dist f) t1/2,elim g) k10 h) k12 i) k21 j) initial concentration (C0) k) central compartment volume (V1) l) steady-state volume (Vss) m) clearance (CL) AUC (0→10 min) using trapezoidal rule n) AUC (20→30 min) using trapezoidal rule o) AUCtail (AUC360→∞) p) total AUC (using short cut method) q) volume from AUC (VAUC)arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781938168116/9781938168116_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305967359/9781305967359_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781947172517/9781947172517_coverImage_Textbooks.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305117396/9781305117396_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305389892/9781305389892_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337392938/9781337392938_smallCoverImage.gif)