Chapter 7, Problem 146AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major species in the solution of 0.60 M HC₃H₅O₃, lactic acid having K_a value 1.4×10-4 has to be stated.

Concept Introduction :

The Acids are proton donor and it dissociates into its constituent ions. The value of dissociation constant (K_a) signifies the number of ions liberated on dissociation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ICE table for the dissociation of lactic has to be stated.

Concept Introduction :

The ICE table shows the data for the initial, change and equilibrium concentration of species dissociated from lactic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium concentration of C₃H₅O₃-has to be stated.

Concept Introduction :

The equilibrium constant for any general reaction can be given as-

  $\text{aA+bB}\rightleftharpoons \text{cC+dD}$

  ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}\text{=}\frac{{\text{[C]}}^{\text{c}}{\text{[D]}}^{\text{d}}}{{\text{[A]}}^{\text{a}}{\text{[B]}}^{\text{b}}}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pH of the solution has to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The pH of the solution is given by the general formula that is-

  ${\text{pH=-log[H}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$

[H⁺]: Concentration of Hydrogen ion.