Beginning Statistics, 2nd Edition
Beginning Statistics, 2nd Edition
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781932628678
Author: Carolyn Warren; Kimberly Denley; Emily Atchley
Publisher: Hawkes Learning Systems
Question
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Chapter 6.5, Problem 15E
To determine

To find:

The probability that more than 150 out of 230 eight graders at a local middle school have been exposed to drugs assuming that a previous study at this school reported that the probability of an individual eighth-grade student having been exposed to drugs is 63%.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 15E

Solution:

The probability that more than 150 out of 230 eight graders have been exposed to drugs is 0.2236.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Total number of eighth-grade students is 230.

Probability of an individual having exposed to drugs is 63%.

Continuity correction factor approximates discrete distributions to continuous ones by converting a random variable value of the former to a range of random variable values of the latter.

Binomial distribution is discrete and the probability of x successes out of n identical trials of the experiment is given by:

P(x)=Cnxpx(1p)nx,

with mean μ=np and standard deviation σ=np(1p).

Normal distribution is continuous and probability of obtaining the value z is expressed as:

f(z)=12πez22,

with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.

The continuity correction is done by changing the whole number x-value into an interval range:

[x0.5,x+0.5],

and then the probability P(xa) is approximated using the probability:

P(zza)=za12πez22dz,

where za is the appropriate z-value.

In this question, discrete binomial distribution is approximated using the normal distribution, which is continuous.

Initially, the values of n and p are extracted after which the mean (μ) and the standard deviation (σ) are computed from binomial distribution.

Also, continuity correction is done, according to requirements of the question, that is by adding 0.5 to the given x-value.

Thereafter, the z-value is obtained using above x-value and the relation:

z=xμσ,

following which, area under curve is computed by subtracting corresponding value at the standard normal table from one.

Calculation:

p=63%

which gets converted to:

p=0.63.

Then mean is:

μ=230×0.63=144.9

Also, standard deviation is:

σ=230×0.63×(10.63)=7.322

Since the inequality is “more than”, continuity correction gives x-value as:

x=150.5.

This gives the z-value as:

za=150.5144.97.322=5.67.322=0.76481...

Since the 3rd decimal place is 4 and 45, the z-value is approximated as:

za0.76.

Now, the required probability is:

P(z0.76)=1P(z0.76)

the latter of which is obtained from table as:

P(z0.765)=10.77637=0.22363

Since the 5th decimal digit is 3 and 35, the required probability is:

P(morethan150outof230eigth-gradershavebeenexposedtodrugs)=0.2236

Conclusion:

The probability that more than 150 out of 230 eight graders have been exposed to drugs is 0.2236.

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Chapter 6 Solutions

Beginning Statistics, 2nd Edition

Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 18ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 23ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 6.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 10ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 18ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 19ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 26ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 34ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 38ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 45ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 6.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 6.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 10ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 18ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 19ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 20ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 21ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 22ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 23ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 24ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 25ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 26ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 27ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 28ECh. 6.4 - Prob. 29ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 9ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 10ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 11ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 12ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 15ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 16ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 21ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 22ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 23ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 24ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 25ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 26ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 27ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 28ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 29ECh. 6.5 - Prob. 30ECh. 6.CR - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 2CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 3CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 4CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 5CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 6CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 7CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 8CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 9CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 10CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 11CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 12CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 13CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 14CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 15CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 16CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 17CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 18CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 19CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 20CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 21CRCh. 6.CR - Prob. 22CRCh. 6.P - Prob. 1PCh. 6.P - Prob. 2PCh. 6.P - Prob. 3PCh. 6.P - Prob. 4PCh. 6.P - Prob. 5PCh. 6.P - Prob. 6PCh. 6.P - Prob. 7PCh. 6.P - Prob. 8P
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