(a)
Interpretation:
For the given set of reaction conditions the sign of
Concept introduction:
Gibbs free energy: The Gibbs free energy depends on the two terms entropy change and the enthalpy change which is affected by the temperature.
General formula to calculate the Gibbs free energy is
When the heat energy was absorbed by the system from the surrounding is called endothermic reaction
When heat energy or light energy was unconfined to the surrounding from the system is called exothermic reaction.
Entropy: It is usually defined as the degree of the randomness or disorder present in the respective system.
The total entropy change associated with given reaction is equal to the sum of both entropy change associated with the system and the surrounding.
The entropy change within the system is the difference between the final and the initial states in the system. The entropy change in the given
Enthalpy:
The enthalpy change for the reaction is determined by bond breaks and bond formation in the reaction.
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given set of reaction conditions the sign of
Concept introduction:
Gibbs free energy: The Gibbs free energy depends on the two terms entropy change and the enthalpy change which is affected by the temperature.
General formula to calculate the Gibbs free energy is
When the heat energy was absorbed by the system from the surrounding is called endothermic reaction
When heat energy or light energy was unconfined to the surrounding from the system is called exothermic reaction.
Entropy: It is usually defined as the degree of the randomness or disorder present in the respective system.
The total entropy change associated with given reaction is equal to the sum of both entropy change associated with the system and the surrounding.
The entropy change within the system is the difference between the final and the initial states in the system. The entropy change in the given chemical reaction is as follows
Enthalpy:
The enthalpy change for the reaction is determined by bond breaks and bond formation in the reaction.
(c)
Interpretation:
For the given set of reaction conditions the sign of
Concept introduction:
Gibbs free energy: The Gibbs free energy depends on the two terms entropy change and the enthalpy change which is affected by the temperature.
General formula to calculate the Gibbs free energy is
When the heat energy was absorbed by the system from the surrounding is called endothermic reaction
When heat energy or light energy was unconfined to the surrounding from the system is called exothermic reaction.
Entropy: It is usually defined as the degree of the randomness or disorder present in the respective system.
The total entropy change associated with given reaction is equal to the sum of both entropy change associated with the system and the surrounding.
The entropy change within the system is the difference between the final and the initial states in the system. The entropy change in the given chemical reaction is as follows
Enthalpy:
The enthalpy change for the reaction is determined by bond breaks and bond formation in the reaction.
(d)
Interpretation:
For the given set of reaction conditions the sign of
Concept introduction:
Gibbs free energy: The Gibbs free energy depends on the two terms entropy change and the enthalpy change which is affected by the temperature.
General formula to calculate the Gibbs free energy is
When the heat energy was absorbed by the system from the surrounding is called endothermic reaction
When heat energy or light energy was unconfined to the surrounding from the system is called exothermic reaction.
Entropy: It is usually defined as the degree of the randomness or disorder present in the respective system.
The total entropy change associated with given reaction is equal to the sum of both entropy change associated with the system and the surrounding.
The entropy change within the system is the difference between the final and the initial states in the system. The entropy change in the given chemical reaction is as follows
Enthalpy:
The enthalpy change for the reaction is determined by bond breaks and bond formation in the reaction.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY,SOLNS...-ETEXT+BOX
- 10. The most important reason why Br- is a better nucleophile than Cl-is ___. A. polarizability; B. size; C. solvation; D. basicity; E. polarity. Please include all steps. Thanks!arrow_forwardPredicting the qualitative acid-base properties of salts Consider the following data on some weak acids and weak bases: base acid Ка K₁₁ name formula name formula nitrous acid HNO2 4.5×10 4 pyridine CHEN 1.7 × 10 9 4 hydrofluoric acid HF 6.8 × 10 methylamine CH3NH2 | 4.4 × 10¯ Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on. solution 0.1 M NaNO2 0.1 M KF pH choose one v choose one v 0.1 M C5H5NHBr 0.1 M CH3NH3CI choose one v ✓ choose one 1 (lowest) 2 ☑ 3 4 (highest) 000 18 Ararrow_forward4. The major product from treatment of 2-propanol with the Jonesreagent is ___.A. acetone; B. none of the other answers is correct C. propene; D.propanoic acid; E carbon dioxide. Please include all steps! Thank you!arrow_forward
- 7. All of the following compounds that are at the same oxidation levelare ___.u. methyl epoxide, v. propyne, w. propanal, x. propene,y. 2,2-dihydroxypropane, z. isopropanol?A. u,v,w,y; B. u,v,w; C. v,w,y,z; D. v, z; E. x,y,z Please include all steps. Thank you!arrow_forward9. Which one of the following substituents is the worst leaving group inan SN2 reaction? A. -NH2; B. -OH; C. –F; D. NH3; E. H2O Please include all steps. Thanks!arrow_forwardUsing the general properties of equilibrium constants At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction is 2.5 × 105: CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) Use this information to complete the following table. Suppose a 7.0 L reaction vessel is filled with 1.7 mol of CO and 1.7 mol of H2O. What can you say about the composition of the mixture in the vessel at equilibrium? What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. CO2(9)+H2(g) CO(g)+H₂O(g) What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 3 CO(g)+3H2O(g) = 3 CO2(g)+3H2(g) There will be very little CO and H2O. x10 There will be very little CO2 and H2. 000 Neither of the above is true. K = ☐ K = ☐ 18 Ararrow_forward
- 8. When ethane thiol is treated with hydrogen peroxide the product is___.A. ethane disulfide; B. diethyl sulfide; C. ethane sulfoxide; D. ethanesulfate; E. ethyl mercaptan. Please include all steps. Thanks!arrow_forward5. The major product of the three step reaction that takes place when 1-propanol is treated with strong acid is?A. dipropyl ether; B. propene; C. propanal; D. isopropyl propyl ether;E. 1-hexanol Please include all steps. Thank you!arrow_forward6. The formula of the product of the addition of HCN to benzaldehydeis ___.A. C8H7NO; B. C8H6NO; C. C14H11NO; D. C9H9NO; E. C9H8NO Please include all steps. Thank you!arrow_forward
- Predicting the qualitative acid-base properties of salts Consider the following data on some weak acids and weak bases: base acid K K a name formula name formula nitrous acid HNO2 4.5×10 hydroxylamine HONH2 1.1 × 10 8 hypochlorous acid HCIO 8 3.0 × 10 methylamine CH3NH2 | 4.4 × 10¯ 4 Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on. 0.1 M KCIO solution PH choose one 0.1 M NaNO2 0.1 M CH3NH3Br 0.1 M NaBr choose one ✓ choose one v ✓ choose one 1 (lowest) ☑ 2 3 4 (highest)arrow_forwardFor this Orgo problem, don't worry about question 3 below it. Please explain your thought process, all your steps, and also include how you would tackle a similar problem. Thank you!arrow_forwardUsing the general properties of equilibrium constants At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction is 0.84: H2(g) + 2(g) 2 HI(g) = Use this information to complete the following table. Suppose a 34. L reaction vessel is filled with 0.79 mol of HI. What can you say about the composition of the mixture in the vessel at equilibrium? There will be very little H2 and 12. ☐ x10 There will be very little HI. Neither of the above is true. What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 2 HI(g) H₂(9)+12(9) K = What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 2 H2(g)+212(9) 4 HI(g) K = ☐ ☑arrow_forward
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