Chapter 6, Problem 9PE

Why are pass-by-value and pass-by-reference constructs required in modern programming languages? Why can't we just choose one of the two possibilities? Please describe the benefits of having both in your answer, as well as the reasons why it would be foolish to have just one or the other.

What does it mean for a set of language features (e.g., a type system) to be orthogonal?

I need help creating a context free grammar that can develop multiple sentences it must be done in Java with the following 1. Identifying the syntax and grammar rules of American English: This involves analyzing the grammatical structure of sentences in American English and identifying the different parts of speech and how they are used in sentences. 2. Developing a set of context-free grammar rules: Based on the analysis of American English syntax and grammar, develop a set of context-free grammar rules that can be used to generate valid sentences in American English. a. Defining a set of nonterminal symbols that represent parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions. b. Defining a set of terminal symbols that represent words in the English language. c. Defining production rules that describe how nonterminal symbols can be expanded into other nonterminal symbols and terminal symbols. 3. Implementing a parser for the context-free grammar using…

Write a segment code in any language you prefer that behaves differently if the language used     structural equivalence   two types as the same if they consist of the same components.                    name equivalence    each type declaration introduces a new type, distinct from all others.                declaration equivalence    two types are equivalent if they lead back to the same type.

Is it possible to do type checking during the compilation of a language that uses dynamic scoping? Why? Is it feasible to do type checking in a language that uses static scoping? Why?

How does type-checking work with complex datatypes in statically-typed languages versus dynamically-typed languages?

What is escape analysis? Describe why it might be useful in a language with a reference model of variables.

In a subprogram, what exactly is meant by the term "parametric polymorphism," and could you offer an example of its use along with an explanation of how it works?

In a subprogram, how would you go about using parametric polymorphism and could you offer an example?