The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen involves the following steps: 4 NH 3 ( g ) + 5 O 2 → 4 NO ( g ) + 6 H 2 O ( g ) 2 NO ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) → 2 NO 2 ( g ) 3 NO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O ( l ) → 2 HNO 3 ( a q ) + NO ( g ) a. Use the values of Δ H f ° in Appendix 4 to calculate the value of ∆Hº for each of the preceding reactions. b. Write the overall equation for the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process by combining the preceding equations. (Water is also a product.) Is the overall reaction exothermic or endothermic?
The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen involves the following steps: 4 NH 3 ( g ) + 5 O 2 → 4 NO ( g ) + 6 H 2 O ( g ) 2 NO ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) → 2 NO 2 ( g ) 3 NO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O ( l ) → 2 HNO 3 ( a q ) + NO ( g ) a. Use the values of Δ H f ° in Appendix 4 to calculate the value of ∆Hº for each of the preceding reactions. b. Write the overall equation for the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process by combining the preceding equations. (Water is also a product.) Is the overall reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Solution Summary: The author explains Hess's Law: Standard enthalpy of formation. The quantity of reactants and products is directly proportional to the magnitude of H in a reaction.
The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen involves the following steps:
4
NH
3
(
g
)
+
5
O
2
→
4
NO
(
g
)
+
6
H
2
O
(
g
)
2
NO
(
g
)
+
O
2
(
g
)
→
2
NO
2
(
g
)
3
NO
2
(
g
)
+
H
2
O
(
l
)
→
2
HNO
3
(
a
q
)
+
NO
(
g
)
a. Use the values of
Δ
H
f
°
in Appendix 4 to calculate the value of ∆Hº for each of the preceding reactions.
b. Write the overall equation for the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process by combining the preceding equations. (Water is also a product.) Is the overall reaction exothermic or endothermic?
eks.com/aleksogi/x/sl.exe/1o_u-IgNslkr7j8P3jH-IQs_pBanHhvTCeeBZbufuBYTI0Hz7m7D3ZS17Hd6m-HIl6n52njJN-TXdQA2X9yID-1SWQJTgnjARg30
111
States of Matter
Understanding conceptual components of the enthalpy of solution
0/5
Ge
A small amount of acetonitrile (CH, CN) is dissolved in a large amount of water. Imagine separating this process into the four stages sketched below. (These
sketches show only a portion of the substances, so you can see the density and distribution of atoms and molecules in them.)
CH,CN
H₂O
B
88
C
Use these sketches to answer the questions in the table below.
The enthalpy of solution AH is negative
soln
when CH3CN dissolves in water. Use this
information to list the stages in order of increasing
enthalpy.
Would heat be absorbed or released if the system
moved from Stage C to D?
What force would oppose or favor the system
moving from Stage C to D? Check all that apply.
1
absorbed
O released
neither absorbed nor released.
none
O ionic bonding force
covalent bonding force…
In a system with an anodic overpotential, the variation of ŋ as a function of
the current density:
1. at low fields is linear 2. at higher fields, it follows Tafel's law
Find the range of current densities for which the overpotential has the same
value as when calculated for cases 1 and 2 (maximum relative difference of
5% with respect to the behavior for higher fields). To which overpotential
range does this correspond?
Data: 10 = 1.5 mA cm², T = 300°C, ẞ = 0.64, R = 8.314 J K 1 mol¹ and F = 96485
C mol-1.
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