The molecular ion
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Chapter 6 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF MODERN CHEMISTRY-OWLV2
- Best Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardGiven that the ionization energy of F2 is 290 kJ/mol, do the following: a. Calculate the bond energy of F2. You will need to look up the bond energy of F2 and ionization energy of F. b. Explain the difference in bond energy between F2 and F2 using MO theory.arrow_forwardConsider the pyrosulfate ion, S2O72-. It has no sulfur–sulfur nor oxygen–oxygen bonds. (a) Write a Lewis structure for the pyrosulfate ion using only single bonds. (b) What is the formal charge on the sulfur atoms for the Lewis structure you drew in part (a)? (c) Write another Lewis structure using six bonds and two O—S bonds. (d) What is the formal charge on each atom for the structure you drew in part (c)?arrow_forward
- Predict the ordering of the C—O bond lengths in CO, CO2, and CO32-arrow_forwardCalculate the (molar) energy of electrostatic repulsion between two hydrogen nuclei at the separation in H2 (74.1 pm). The result is the energy that must be overcome by the attraction from the electrons that form the bond. Does the gravitational attraction between the nuclei play any significant role? Hint: The gravitational potential energy of two masses is equal to −Gm1m2/r; the gravitational constant G is listed inside the front cover.arrow_forwardWhat is the bond energy calculation for C6H6 and 3h2 gives C6H12 in chemistry?arrow_forward
- Using hybridization, predict how the bond length of the C − C σ bond in HC ≡ C − C ≡ CH should compare with the C − C σ bonds in CH3CH3 and CH2 = CH − CH = CH2.arrow_forwardGive the molecular orbital configuration for the valence electrons in C2 2−. Will this ion be stable?arrow_forwardChoose the best Lewis structure for C2H30¯. (It will help to work out the missing formal charges for the atoms in these different structures) [Image description: Lewis structure A two C atoms doubly bound to each other. One C has two other single bonds to H atoms. The other C has one more single bond to a H atom and one more single bond to a O atom. There are three electron pairs on O. Lewis structure B has a C atom and a O atom doubly bound to each other. The C has two other single bonds to H atoms. The O has one more single bond to a H atom and one more single bond to a C atom. There are three electron pairs on this C. Lewis structure C has a O atom and a C atom doubly bound to each other. The O has two other single bonds to H atoms. The C has one more single bond to a H atom and one more single bond to another C atom. There are three electron pairs on this C. Lewis structure D has two C atoms singly bound to each other. One C has an electron pair plus two more single bonds to H…arrow_forward
- According to Huckel theory, what is the difference in total energy between the anion (C6H6) and the dication (C6H6)2+ of Benzene? In your work, explicitly state which orbitals are occupied in case of the anion and the dictation and what the total energy of each of the two ions is. The total energy difference is defined as AE = Eanion Ea dication· O 2a – 23 O 3a + B O a + B O 2a + 28 3a - Barrow_forwardExplain the below ? Compounds containing a C–Z σ bond where Z = an electronegative elementarrow_forward1) Why is it important to understand the molecular geometry or shape of molecules and ions in chemistry? H2Se CCl4 CH2Cl2 HCN NH3Cl+ NH2- CH3COCH3 CH3COOH 2) Among the eight molecules and ions studied in this experiment, (a) which molecule(s) or ion(s) are polar, and which ones are non-polar? (b) What is the difference between polar and non-polar molecules or ions? (c) What two factors dictate the polarity of the molecule or ion?arrow_forward
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