Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393600681
Author: Gilbert
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.8VP
Interpretation Introduction

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Which phases are represented by the blue and pink colors in the graph figure P6.12 of the phase diagram of water?

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Every chemist knows to ‘add acid to water with constant stirring’ when diluting a concentrated acid in order to keep the solution from spewing boiling acid all over the place.  Explain how this one fact is enough to prove that strong acids and water do not form ideal solutions.
The predominant components of our atmosphere are N₂, O₂, and Ar in the following mole fractions: χN2 = 0.780, χO2 = 0.21, χAr = 0.01. Assuming that these molecules act as ideal gases, calculate ΔGmix, ΔSmix, and ΔHmix when the total pressure is 1 bar and the temperature is 300 K.
dG = Vdp - SdT + μA dnA + μB dnB + ... so that under constant pressure and temperature conditions, the chemical potential of a component is the rate of change of the Gibbs energy of the system with respect to changing composition, μJ = (∂G / ∂nJ)p,T,n' Using first principles prove that under conditions of constant volume and temperature, the chemical potential is a measure of the partial molar Helmholtz energy (μJ = (∂A / ∂nJ)V,T,n')

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Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach

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