(a) Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the given statement, “the homolysis of the O − H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O − H bond in ethanol” is to be stated. Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Resonance is the delocalisation of π electrons in conjugated position which leads to the formation of more than one structure. These structures are known as resonance structures

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.59P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the given statement, “the homolysis of the O−H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O−H bond in ethanol” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron.

Resonance is the delocalisation of π electrons in conjugated position which leads to the formation of more than one structure. These structures are known as resonance structures

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason for the shorter C−O bond in phenol than the C−O bond in ethanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The bond length is inversely related to the bond strength. Bond length is defined as the distance between the centers of the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is determined by bond order. The increasing s character increases the interaction between atoms, which results in shorter bond length.

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Use the expression below to ⚫ calculate its value and report it to the proper number of significant digits (you may need to round your answer). ⚫ calculate the % error (or % relative error or % inherent error) ⚫ calculate the absolute error. (20.54±0.02 × 0.254±0.003) / (3.21±0.05) = Value: % Error: Absolute error: ± | % (only 1 significant digit) (only 1 significant digit)

In each case (more ductile, more brittle, more tough or resistant), indicate which parameter has a larger value. parameter Elastic limit Tensile strength more ductile Strain at break Strength Elastic modulus more fragile more tough or resistant

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.59P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the given statement, “the homolysis of the O−H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O−H bond in ethanol” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron.

Resonance is the delocalisation of π electrons in conjugated position which leads to the formation of more than one structure. These structures are known as resonance structures

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason for the shorter C−O bond in phenol than the C−O bond in ethanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The bond length is inversely related to the bond strength. Bond length is defined as the distance between the centers of the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is determined by bond order. The increasing s character increases the interaction between atoms, which results in shorter bond length.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.59P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the given statement, “the homolysis of the O−H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O−H bond in ethanol” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron.

Resonance is the delocalisation of π electrons in conjugated position which leads to the formation of more than one structure. These structures are known as resonance structures

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason for the shorter C−O bond in phenol than the C−O bond in ethanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The bond length is inversely related to the bond strength. Bond length is defined as the distance between the centers of the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is determined by bond order. The increasing s character increases the interaction between atoms, which results in shorter bond length.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.59P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the given statement, “the homolysis of the O−H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O−H bond in ethanol” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron.

Resonance is the delocalisation of π electrons in conjugated position which leads to the formation of more than one structure. These structures are known as resonance structures

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason for the shorter C−O bond in phenol than the C−O bond in ethanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The bond length is inversely related to the bond strength. Bond length is defined as the distance between the centers of the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is determined by bond order. The increasing s character increases the interaction between atoms, which results in shorter bond length.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 6.59P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the given statement, “the homolysis of the O−H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O−H bond in ethanol” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron.

Resonance is the delocalisation of π electrons in conjugated position which leads to the formation of more than one structure. These structures are known as resonance structures

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason for the shorter C−O bond in phenol than the C−O bond in ethanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The bond length is inversely related to the bond strength. Bond length is defined as the distance between the centers of the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is determined by bond order. The increasing s character increases the interaction between atoms, which results in shorter bond length.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 6.59P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the given statement, “the homolysis of the O−H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O−H bond in ethanol” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron.

Resonance is the delocalisation of π electrons in conjugated position which leads to the formation of more than one structure. These structures are known as resonance structures

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 6.59P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The explanation corresponding to the given statement, “the homolysis of the O−H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O−H bond in ethanol” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron.

Resonance is the delocalisation of π electrons in conjugated position which leads to the formation of more than one structure. These structures are known as resonance structures

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason for the shorter C−O bond in phenol than the C−O bond in ethanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The bond length is inversely related to the bond strength. Bond length is defined as the distance between the centers of the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is determined by bond order. The increasing s character increases the interaction between atoms, which results in shorter bond length.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason for the shorter C−O bond in phenol than the C−O bond in ethanol is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The bond length is inversely related to the bond strength. Bond length is defined as the distance between the centers of the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is determined by bond order. The increasing s character increases the interaction between atoms, which results in shorter bond length.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 6 - Problem 6.1 Classify each transformation as...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.2P Ch. 6 - Problem 6.3 By taking into account...Ch. 6 - Problem 6.4 Use curved arrows to show the movement...Ch. 6 - Problem 6.5 Follow the curved arrows and draw the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.6P Ch. 6 - Problem 6.7 Use the values in Table 6.2 to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.8P Ch. 6 - aWhich Keq corresponds to a negative value of G,...Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occurs due to the heterolysis process.

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