Chapter 6, Problem 6.4DQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

First, second, zeroth and pseudo first reactions order have to be distinguished and in which conditions can the apparent order of a reaction was changed have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Rate of a reaction: It represents the speed at which a chemical reaction runs.  How much concentration of substrates (reactants) consumed and how much concentration of targets (products) formed in a unit of time is said to be rate of reaction.

Rate of reaction depends on time, temperature, pressure, concentration, and $\text{pH}$ of the reaction.

Rate of the reaction is the change in the concentration of reactant or a product with time. It can be varied in accordance with temperature, pressure, concentration, presence of catalyst, surface area…

Order of a reaction:  The sum of exponents of the concentrations in the rate law for the reaction is said to be order of a reaction.

$\text{Order}\text{= }\text{x+y}$

Half-life is the time required for one half of a reactant to react.

For first order reaction $-kt=\ln \left(\frac{\left[A\right]}{\left[A_0\right]}\right)$

$\left[A\right]$ is the concentration of reactant A at time t ${\left[A\right]}_0$ is the  initial concentration of reactant, k is the rate constant.

Intergrated rate eqaution for a second order reaction is,

$\frac{1}{\left[A\right]}=\frac{1}{{\left[A\right]}_0}+kt$

$\left[A\right]$ is the concentration of reactant A at time t ${\left[A\right]}_0$ is the  initial concentration of reactant, k is the rate constant.