
Concept explainers
(1)
Periodic Inventory System:
Periodic inventory system is a system, in which the inventory is updated in the accounting records on a periodic basis such as at the end of each month, quarter or year. In other words, it is an accounting method which is used to determine the amount of inventory at the end of each accounting period.
First-in-First-Out:
In First-in-First-Out method, the costs of the initially purchased items are considered as cost of goods sold, for the items which are sold first. The value of the ending inventory consists of the recent purchased items.
Last-in-Last-Out:
In Last-in-First-Out method, the costs of last purchased items are considered as the cost of goods sold, for the items which are sold first. The value of the closing stock consists of the initial purchased items.
Weighted-average cost method:
Under Weighted average cost method, the company calculates a new average cost after every purchase is made. It is determined by dividing the cost of goods available for sale by the units on hand.
To determine: value of inventory on March 31, 2016 and cost of merchandise sold using first in first out method under periodic inventory system.
(1)

Explanation of Solution
The value of ending inventory on March 31, 2016 is calculated as follows:
Calculate the cost of merchandise sold is as follows:
Amount ($) | |
Beginning inventory, January 1, 2016 | 150,000 |
Add: Purchases Table (3) | 3,024,000 |
Merchandise available for sale | 3,174,000 |
Less: Ending inventory, March 31, 2016 | 269,500 |
Cost of merchandise sold | 2,904,500 |
Table (1)
Working notes:
Calculate the units in ending inventory as follows:
Units | |
Units in beginning inventory and purchased | 45,500 |
Less: Units sold | 41,750 |
Units in ending inventory | 3,750 |
Table (2)
Calculate the merchandise purchases as follows:
Purchases | |||
Date | Quantity | Unit cost | Total |
10-Jan | 7,500 | $68 | $510,000 |
10-Feb | 18,000 | $70 | $1,260,000 |
5-Mar | 15,000 | $71.60 | $1,074,000 |
25-Mar | 2,500 | $72 | $180,000 |
$3,024,000 |
Table (3)
Hence, the ending inventory on March 31, 2016 under First in First out Method is $269,500 and cost of merchandise sold is $2,904,500.
(2)
value of inventory on March 31, 2016 and cost of merchandise sold using last in first out method under periodic inventory system.
(2)

Explanation of Solution
The value of ending inventory is calculated as follows:
Calculate the cost of merchandise sold is as follows:
Amount ($) | |
Beginning inventory, January 1, 2016 | 150,000 |
Add: Purchases Table (3) | 3,024,000 |
Merchandise available for sale | 3,174,000 |
Less: Ending inventory, March 31, 2016 | 235,000 |
Cost of merchandise sold | 2,939,000 |
Table (4)
Hence, the ending inventory on March 31, 2016 under Last in First out Method is $235,000 and cost of merchandise sold is $2,939,000.
(3)
value of inventory on March 31, 2016 and cost of merchandise sold using weighted average method under periodic inventory system.
(3)

Explanation of Solution
The value of ending inventory is calculated by multiplying ending inventory with weighted average cost per unit.
Calculate the cost of merchandise sold is as follows:
Amount ($) | |
Beginning inventory, January 1, 2016 | 150,000 |
Add: Purchases Table (3) | 3,024,000 |
Merchandise available for sale | 3,174,000 |
Less: Ending inventory, March 31, 2016 | 261,600 |
Cost of merchandise sold | 2,912,400 |
Table (5)
Working note:
The weighted average unit cost is calculated as follows:
Hence, the ending inventory on March 31, 2016 under weighted average cost Method is $261,600 and cost of merchandise sold is $2,912,400.
(4)
To compare: The gross profit and inventories on March 31, 2016 of all the three methods.
(4)

Explanation of Solution
The table showing all the three methods of inventory is as follows:
FIFO ($) |
LIFO ($) |
Weighted average ($) | |
Sales | $ 5,191,250 | $ 5,191,250 | $ 5,191,250 |
Less: Cost of merchandise sold | $ 2,904,500 | $ 2,939,000 | $ 2,912,400 |
Gross Profit | $ 2,286,750 | $ 2,252,250 | $ 2,278,850 |
Ending Inventory, March 31, 2016 | $ 269,500 | $ 235,000 | $ 261,600 |
Table (6)
Working notes:
Calculate the total sales for the three-month period:
Sales | |||
Date | Quantity | Unit cost | Total |
28-Jan | 3,750 | $120 | $450,000 |
30-Jan | 1,250 | $120 | $150,000 |
5-Feb | 500 | $120 | $60,000 |
16-Feb | 9,000 | $125 | $1,125,000 |
28-Feb | 8,500 | $125 | $1,062,500 |
14-Mar | 10,000 | $125 | $1,250,000 |
30-Mar | 8,750 | $125 | $1,093,750 |
Total | $5,191,250 |
Table (7)
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