Chapter 6, Problem 6.4AP

(a)

To determine

First-in-First-Out:

In First-in-First-Out method, the costs of the initially purchased items are considered as cost of goods sold, for the items which are sold first. The value of the ending inventory consists of the recent purchased items.

Last-in-Last-Out:

In Last-in-First-Out method, the costs of last purchased items are considered as the cost of goods sold, for the items which are sold first. The value of the closing stock consists of the initial purchased items.

The Income statement:

The income statement is a financial statement that shows the net income earned or net loss suffered by a company through reporting all the revenues earned, and expenses incurred by the company over a specific period of time. An income statement is also known as an operation statement, an earnings statement, a revenue statement, or a profit and loss statement. The net income is the excess of revenue over expenses.

To Prepare: The comparative condensed income statements for 2019 under FIFO and LIFO.

(b) (1)

To determine

To Explain: the reason for the method of inventory cost flow, which produces the more meaningful inventory amount for the balance sheet.

(2)

To determine

To Explain: the reason for the method of inventory cost flow, which produces the more meaningful net income.

(3)

To determine

To Explain: the reason for the method of inventory cost flow which is most likely to approximate the actual physical flow of the goods.

(4)

To determine

To explain: the reason for the excess of cash available under LIFO than under FIFO.

(5)

To determine

To discuss: Whether the gross profit under the average-cost method will be higher or lower than FIFO and LIFO.