Chapter 6, Problem 6.27P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced equation and the enthalpy diagram for the formation of $1\text{ mol}$ of sodium chloride from its elements are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy $\left(\Delta E\right)$ is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant but at constant pressure, the $P\Delta V$ work gets eliminated and the change in enthalpy $\left(\Delta H\right)$ is measured.

In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy $\left(\Delta H\right)$ is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant. The general expression to calculate $\Delta H$ is,

$\Delta H=H_{\text{Product}}-H_{\text{Reactant}}$ (1)

Here,

$\Delta H$ is the change in enthalpy of the system.

$H_{\text{Product}}$ is the enthalpy of the products.

$H_{\text{Reactant}}$ is the enthalpy of the reactants.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of the product. $H_{\text{Product}}$ is greater than $H_{\text{Reactant}}$ in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. $H_{\text{Reactant}}$ is greater than $H_{\text{Product}}$ in the exothermic reactions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced equation and the enthalpy diagram for the vaporization of liquid benzene are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy $\left(\Delta E\right)$ is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant but at constant pressure, the $P\Delta V$ work gets eliminated and the change in enthalpy $\left(\Delta H\right)$ is measured.

In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy $\left(\Delta H\right)$ is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant. The general expression to calculate $\Delta H$ is,

$\Delta H=H_{\text{Product}}-H_{\text{Reactant}}$ (1)

Here,

$\Delta H$ is the change in enthalpy of the system.

$H_{\text{Product}}$ is the enthalpy of the products.

$H_{\text{Reactant}}$ is the enthalpy of the reactants.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of the product. $H_{\text{Product}}$ is greater than $H_{\text{Reactant}}$ in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. $H_{\text{Reactant}}$ is greater than $H_{\text{Product}}$ in the exothermic reactions.