Chapter 6, Problem 6.1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ions having a noble-gas electron arrangement has to be indicated and the corresponding noble gas has to be identified.

Answer to Problem 6.1P

${\text{Cs}}^{\text{+}}$ has a noble-gas electron arrangement and the corresponding noble gas is xenon.

Explanation of Solution

Cesium has an atomic number of 55, one electron is lost, it becomes ${\text{Cs}}^{\text{+}}$ and its atomic number becomes 54.  An atom with atomic number 54 is xenon, which means ${\text{Cs}}^{\text{+}}$ has a noble-gas electron arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ions having a noble-gas electron arrangement has to be indicated and the corresponding noble gas has to be identified.

Answer to Problem 6.1P

${\text{Ga}}^{\text{3+}}$ does not have a noble-gas electron arrangement.

Explanation of Solution

Gallium has an atomic number of 31, three electrons are lost, it becomes ${\text{Ga}}^{\text{3+}}$ and its atomic number becomes 28.  An atom with atomic number 28 is nickel, which means ${\text{Ga}}^{\text{3+}}$ does not have a noble-gas electron arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ions having a noble-gas electron arrangement has to be indicated and the corresponding noble gas has to be identified.

Answer to Problem 6.1P

${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$ has a noble-gas electron arrangement and the corresponding noble gas is argon.

Explanation of Solution

Sulphur has an atomic number of 16, two electrons are gained, it becomes ${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$ and its atomic number becomes 18.  An atom with atomic number 18 is argon, which means ${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$ has a noble-gas electron arrangement.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ions having a noble-gas electron arrangement has to be indicated and the corresponding noble gas has to be identified.

Answer to Problem 6.1P

${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$ has a noble-gas electron arrangement and the corresponding noble gas is argon.

Explanation of Solution

Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15, three electrons are gained, it becomes ${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$ and its atomic number becomes 18.  An atom with atomic number 18 is argon, which means ${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$ has a noble-gas electron arrangement.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ions having a noble-gas electron arrangement has to be indicated and the corresponding noble gas has to be identified.

Answer to Problem 6.1P

${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ gas a noble-gas electron arrangement and the corresponding noble gas is neon.

Explanation of Solution

Aluminium has an atomic number of 13, three electrons are lost, it becomes ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ and its atomic number becomes 10.  An atom with atomic number 10 is neon, which means ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ has a noble-gas electron arrangement.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ions having a noble-gas electron arrangement has to be indicated and the corresponding noble gas has to be identified.

Answer to Problem 6.1P

${\text{O}}^{\text{-}}$ does not have a noble-gas electron arrangement.

Explanation of Solution

Oxygen has an atomic number of eight, one electron is gained, it becomes ${\text{O}}^{\text{-}}$ and its atomic number becomes nine.  An atom with atomic number 9 is fluorine, which means ${\text{O}}^{\text{-}}$ does not have a noble-gas electron arrangement.