Chapter 6, Problem 4PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A hypothetical free energy diagram for the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction of iodide anion with $\text{1-chlorobutane}$ is to be drawn and leveled.

Concept introduction:

The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction takes place in one step. The nucleophile attacks the alkyl halide from the side opposite to the leaving group.

In ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction, both, the bond formation and bond breaking occur simultaneously, leading to a transition state which contains a partial negative charge on the incoming nucleophile and the leaving group.

The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction that occurs with loss of energy to surroundings is exergonic. In these reactions, the free energy change is negative.