Biology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188121
Author: Peter Stiling, Robert Brooker, Linda Graham, Eric Widmaier
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 1TY
Reactions that release free energy are
- a. exergonic.
- b. spontaneous.
- c. endergonic.
- d. endothermic.
- e. both a and b.
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Gibbs free energy can be defined as the energy associated with chemical reactions that are required to do work. The free energy of a system is a way of combining enthalpy and entropy (randomness) into one value.
Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: The chemical reactions that result in a release of free energy (exergonic) develop spontaneously and these reactions do not require energy input to proceed. These reactions always occur with a release of energy. Hence, the correct answer is option e.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
The definition of reaction spontaneity suggests that the difference in Gibbs standard state free energy change is always negative. It means that difference between free energy of products and the free energy of reactants is always negative. These spontaneous reactions always take place with a release of energy which indicates that they are exergonic.
Option e. is given as “both a and b”.
Spontaneous reactions release free energy (exergonic) and these reactions do not need input of energy. Hence, the correct answer is option e.
Reasons for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “exergonic”.
Reactions which release free energy are exergonic and these reactions also occur spontaneously. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as, “spontaneous”.
Reactions which release free energy are spontaneous as definition of reaction spontaneity suggests that difference in Gibbs standard state free energy change is always negative. These reactions are also exergonic in nature. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “endergonic”.
Endergonic reactions always require input of energy from an outside source to occur. These reactions always consume energy and are unable to release free energy. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option d. is given as, “endothermic”.
Endothermic reactions results in an overall decrease of temperature. Lowering of temperature indicates that energy would be consumed during the reaction and will not be released. Hence, option d. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., b., c., and d. are incorrect.
Conclusion
Reactions that release free energy take place in a spontaneous manner and are exergonic in nature. These reactions do not need any kind of energy input.
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(ng/ml)
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(ng/ml)
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#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
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1.942
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#NUMI
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4.649
1.537
#NUM!
#NUMI
2.00
2.201
0.789
#NUM!
#NUM!
3.00
1.536
0.429
#NUM!
#NUM!
4.00
1.342
0.294
#NUM!
#NUM!
5.00
1.273
0.241
#NUM!
#NUMI
6.00
1.238
0.213
#NUM!
#NUM!
7.00
1.212
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8.00
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0.172
#NUMI
#NUM!
9.00
1.165
0.153
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10.00
1.143
0.134
#NUMI
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11.00
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0.115
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12.00
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#NUMI
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#NUMI
16.00
1.020
0.020
#NUMI
24.00
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-0.132
#NUMI
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