“The advantage of using GTP over ATP as an energy source for cellular reactions”. Introduction: Adenosine triphospahte (ATP) is the “energy currency” of cells, which is required to carry out all the cellular processes. ATP within cells acts as an instant source of energy. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is another energy rich nucleotide use in cellular reaction. GTP is analogous to ATP, which is comprised of ribose sugar, guanine and three phosphate groups.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

“The advantage of using GTP over ATP as an energy source for cellular reactions”.

Introduction:

Adenosine triphospahte (ATP) is the “energy currency” of cells, which is required to carry out all the cellular processes. ATP within cells acts as an instant source of energy. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is another energy rich nucleotide use in cellular reaction. GTP is analogous to ATP, which is comprised of ribose sugar, guanine and three phosphate groups.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is energy storing molecules. The presence of phosphate bond in ATP molecules is high energy storing bond. The cells frequently recycle the ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate group in order to release the energy.

In cells, the concentration of ATP is higher than the GTP. To maintain the ratio between the ATP and AMP inside the cell is very important. The use of ATP as an energy source in large amount can lead to cell death (apoptosis). So, GTP is the best alternative source of energy because its consumption at higher concentration does not cause cell death (apoptosis).

There are fewer example, in which the GTP is used as an energy source or phosphate donor. For the formation of microtubule GTP gets hydrolyzed into GDP. Many neurotransmitters and hormones use GTP for the transmission of signals, Ras and Rab protein also use GTP to transport the cytoplasmic proteins to their site and so on.

Conclusion

GTP is analogous of ATP, which is also used as an energy source for cellular reaction.

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For short answer questions, write your answers on the line provided. To the right is the mRNA codon table to use as needed throughout the exam. First letter U บบบ U CA UUCPhe UUA UCU Phe UCC UUG Leu CUU UAU. G U UAC TV UGCys UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp Ser UCA UCG CCU] 0 CUC CUA CCC CAC CAU His CGU CGC Leu Pro CCA CAA Gin CGA Arg CUG CCG CAG CGG AUU ACU AAU T AUC lle A 1 ACC Thr AUA ACA AUG Mot ACG AGG Arg GUU GCU GUC GCC G Val Ala GAC Asp GGU GGC GUA GUG GCA GCG GAA GGA Gly Glu GAGJ GGG AACASH AGU Ser AAA1 AAG Lys GAU AGA CAL CALUCAO CAO G Third letter 1. (+7) Use the table below to answer the questions; use the codon table above to assist you. The promoter sequence of DNA is on the LEFT. You do not need to fill in the entire table. Assume we are in the middle of a gene sequence (no need to find a start codon). DNA 1 DNA 2 mRNA tRNA Polypeptide C Val G C. T A C a. On which strand of DNA is the template strand (DNA 1 or 2)?_ b. On which side of the mRNA is the 5' end (left or…

3. (6 pts) Fill in the boxes according to the directions on the right. Structure R-C R-COOH OH R-OH i R-CO-R' R R-PO4 R-CH3 C. 0 R' R-O-P-OH 1 OH H R-C-H R-N' I- H H R-NH₂ \H Name Properties

4. (6 pts) Use the molecule below to answer these questions and identify the side chains and ends. Please use tidy boxes to indicate parts and write the letter labels within that box. a. How many monomer subunits are shown? b. Box a Polar but non-ionizable side chain and label P c. Box a Basic Polar side chain and label BP d. Box the carboxyl group at the end of the polypeptide and label with letter C (C-terminus) H H OHHO H H 0 HHO H-N-CC-N-C-C N-C-C-N-GC-OH I H-C-H CH2 CH2 CH2 H3C-C+H CH2 CH2 OH CH CH₂ C=O OH CH2 NH2

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

“The advantage of using GTP over ATP as an energy source for cellular reactions”.

Introduction:

Adenosine triphospahte (ATP) is the “energy currency” of cells, which is required to carry out all the cellular processes. ATP within cells acts as an instant source of energy. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is another energy rich nucleotide use in cellular reaction. GTP is analogous to ATP, which is comprised of ribose sugar, guanine and three phosphate groups.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is energy storing molecules. The presence of phosphate bond in ATP molecules is high energy storing bond. The cells frequently recycle the ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate group in order to release the energy.

In cells, the concentration of ATP is higher than the GTP. To maintain the ratio between the ATP and AMP inside the cell is very important. The use of ATP as an energy source in large amount can lead to cell death (apoptosis). So, GTP is the best alternative source of energy because its consumption at higher concentration does not cause cell death (apoptosis).

There are fewer example, in which the GTP is used as an energy source or phosphate donor. For the formation of microtubule GTP gets hydrolyzed into GDP. Many neurotransmitters and hormones use GTP for the transmission of signals, Ras and Rab protein also use GTP to transport the cytoplasmic proteins to their site and so on.

Conclusion

GTP is analogous of ATP, which is also used as an energy source for cellular reaction.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

“The advantage of using GTP over ATP as an energy source for cellular reactions”.

Introduction:

Adenosine triphospahte (ATP) is the “energy currency” of cells, which is required to carry out all the cellular processes. ATP within cells acts as an instant source of energy. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is another energy rich nucleotide use in cellular reaction. GTP is analogous to ATP, which is comprised of ribose sugar, guanine and three phosphate groups.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is energy storing molecules. The presence of phosphate bond in ATP molecules is high energy storing bond. The cells frequently recycle the ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate group in order to release the energy.

In cells, the concentration of ATP is higher than the GTP. To maintain the ratio between the ATP and AMP inside the cell is very important. The use of ATP as an energy source in large amount can lead to cell death (apoptosis). So, GTP is the best alternative source of energy because its consumption at higher concentration does not cause cell death (apoptosis).

There are fewer example, in which the GTP is used as an energy source or phosphate donor. For the formation of microtubule GTP gets hydrolyzed into GDP. Many neurotransmitters and hormones use GTP for the transmission of signals, Ras and Rab protein also use GTP to transport the cytoplasmic proteins to their site and so on.

Conclusion

GTP is analogous of ATP, which is also used as an energy source for cellular reaction.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

“The advantage of using GTP over ATP as an energy source for cellular reactions”.

Introduction:

Adenosine triphospahte (ATP) is the “energy currency” of cells, which is required to carry out all the cellular processes. ATP within cells acts as an instant source of energy. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is another energy rich nucleotide use in cellular reaction. GTP is analogous to ATP, which is comprised of ribose sugar, guanine and three phosphate groups.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is energy storing molecules. The presence of phosphate bond in ATP molecules is high energy storing bond. The cells frequently recycle the ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate group in order to release the energy.

In cells, the concentration of ATP is higher than the GTP. To maintain the ratio between the ATP and AMP inside the cell is very important. The use of ATP as an energy source in large amount can lead to cell death (apoptosis). So, GTP is the best alternative source of energy because its consumption at higher concentration does not cause cell death (apoptosis).

There are fewer example, in which the GTP is used as an energy source or phosphate donor. For the formation of microtubule GTP gets hydrolyzed into GDP. Many neurotransmitters and hormones use GTP for the transmission of signals, Ras and Rab protein also use GTP to transport the cytoplasmic proteins to their site and so on.

Conclusion

GTP is analogous of ATP, which is also used as an energy source for cellular reaction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

“The advantage of using GTP over ATP as an energy source for cellular reactions”.

Introduction:

Adenosine triphospahte (ATP) is the “energy currency” of cells, which is required to carry out all the cellular processes. ATP within cells acts as an instant source of energy. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is another energy rich nucleotide use in cellular reaction. GTP is analogous to ATP, which is comprised of ribose sugar, guanine and three phosphate groups.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is energy storing molecules. The presence of phosphate bond in ATP molecules is high energy storing bond. The cells frequently recycle the ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate group in order to release the energy.

In cells, the concentration of ATP is higher than the GTP. To maintain the ratio between the ATP and AMP inside the cell is very important. The use of ATP as an energy source in large amount can lead to cell death (apoptosis). So, GTP is the best alternative source of energy because its consumption at higher concentration does not cause cell death (apoptosis).

There are fewer example, in which the GTP is used as an energy source or phosphate donor. For the formation of microtubule GTP gets hydrolyzed into GDP. Many neurotransmitters and hormones use GTP for the transmission of signals, Ras and Rab protein also use GTP to transport the cytoplasmic proteins to their site and so on.

Conclusion

GTP is analogous of ATP, which is also used as an energy source for cellular reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

“The advantage of using GTP over ATP as an energy source for cellular reactions”.

Introduction:

Adenosine triphospahte (ATP) is the “energy currency” of cells, which is required to carry out all the cellular processes. ATP within cells acts as an instant source of energy. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is another energy rich nucleotide use in cellular reaction. GTP is analogous to ATP, which is comprised of ribose sugar, guanine and three phosphate groups.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is energy storing molecules. The presence of phosphate bond in ATP molecules is high energy storing bond. The cells frequently recycle the ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate group in order to release the energy.

In cells, the concentration of ATP is higher than the GTP. To maintain the ratio between the ATP and AMP inside the cell is very important. The use of ATP as an energy source in large amount can lead to cell death (apoptosis). So, GTP is the best alternative source of energy because its consumption at higher concentration does not cause cell death (apoptosis).

There are fewer example, in which the GTP is used as an energy source or phosphate donor. For the formation of microtubule GTP gets hydrolyzed into GDP. Many neurotransmitters and hormones use GTP for the transmission of signals, Ras and Rab protein also use GTP to transport the cytoplasmic proteins to their site and so on.

Conclusion

GTP is analogous of ATP, which is also used as an energy source for cellular reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

“The advantage of using GTP over ATP as an energy source for cellular reactions”.

Introduction:

Adenosine triphospahte (ATP) is the “energy currency” of cells, which is required to carry out all the cellular processes. ATP within cells acts as an instant source of energy. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is another energy rich nucleotide use in cellular reaction. GTP is analogous to ATP, which is comprised of ribose sugar, guanine and three phosphate groups.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is energy storing molecules. The presence of phosphate bond in ATP molecules is high energy storing bond. The cells frequently recycle the ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate group in order to release the energy.

In cells, the concentration of ATP is higher than the GTP. To maintain the ratio between the ATP and AMP inside the cell is very important. The use of ATP as an energy source in large amount can lead to cell death (apoptosis). So, GTP is the best alternative source of energy because its consumption at higher concentration does not cause cell death (apoptosis).

There are fewer example, in which the GTP is used as an energy source or phosphate donor. For the formation of microtubule GTP gets hydrolyzed into GDP. Many neurotransmitters and hormones use GTP for the transmission of signals, Ras and Rab protein also use GTP to transport the cytoplasmic proteins to their site and so on.