Pathophysiology
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780323354813
Author: Jacquelyn L. Banasik PhD ARNP
Publisher: Saunders
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Chapter 6, Problem 1KQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: How are the genes transmitted from the parents to the offspring?
Introduction: The hereditary material or a genetic potential of a living thing is referred to as the genetic material. It is carried in the form of base sequences of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as per the genetic code. The genetic code is made up of four bases namely Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C).
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Explanation of Solution
The genes are the basic unit of inheritance and are composed of DNA that is situated in the chromosomes. In a cell, the genetic information is stored in the form of DNA. It is a twisted, double-stranded helical molecule. The genetic information is transmitted to the progeny by the process of
The human DNA is organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes. These chromosomes have different DNA sequences. One member of each pair of the chromosome is inherited from the mother, and the other member is inherited from the father. Thus in this way, the genes are transmitted to the offspring from the parents.
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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?
The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.
An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.
Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.
The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?
The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.
An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.
Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.
The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
Chapter 6 Solutions
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